Tumor Markers

Question 1

2 major processes in cell growth

Answer 1

proliferation and differentiation

Question 2

increase cell number through cell division

Answer 2

proliferation

Question 3

converts one cell type to another cell type

Answer 3

differentiation

Question 4

disease of an abnormal growth

Answer 4

cancer

Question 5

formation of cells with uncontrollable growth and dev’t

Answer 5

tumorigenesis

Question 6

pathologic form of hyperplasia, genetic, irreversible

Answer 6

neoplasia

Question 7

caused by injury, reversible

Answer 7

hyperplasia

Question 8

small cell size, but not dead

Answer 8

atrophy

Question 9

increase cell size but don’t divide

Answer 9

hypertrophy

Question 10

cells change from one cell type to another cell type

Answer 10

metaplasia

Question 11

abnormal new mass of tissue w/ no purpose

Answer 11

tumor

Question 12

types of tumors

Answer 12

benign & malignant

Question 13

non-cancerous, do not metastasize, grow slowly, well-differentiated

Answer 13

benign

Question 14

cancerous, metastasize, grows rapidly, not well-differentiated

Answer 14

malignant

Question 15

different forms of cancer

Answer 15

solid and diffuse tumors

Question 16

malignant tumors from epithelial cells

Answer 16

carcinoma

Question 17

malignant tumors from connective tissue/mesenchymal cells

Answer 17

sarcoma

Question 18

malignant tumor from hematopoietic cells

Answer 18

lymphoma and leukemia

Question 19

malignant tumor from totipotent cells

Answer 19

germ cell tumor

Question 20

first growth in interphase.

Answer 20

G1 phase

Question 21

2nd growth in interphase

Answer 21

G2 phase

Question 22

synthesis of genetic material

Answer 22

S phase

Question 23

markers related in apoptosis

Answer 23

p53 protein, bcl 2, Fas/Fas Ligand

Question 24

new blood vessel formation

Answer 24

angiogenesis

Question 25

signs and symptoms of cancer

Answer 25

CAUTION

Question 26

produced by tumor cells/other cells in response to cancer/benign conditions

Answer 26

tumor markers

Question 27

tumor markers are found in blood only (t/f)

Answer 27

false. blood, urine, tumor tissues etc.

Question 28

adult cells become primitive cells

Answer 28

dedifferentiation

Question 29

uses of tumor markers

Answer 29

screening, monitoring, prognosis, early detection, target therapy

Question 30

indicates that cancer is more likely to occur

Answer 30

risk marker

Question 31

types of tumor markers

Answer 31

enzyme serum proteins and hormones, carcinoembryonic proteins, monoclonal defined tumor markers, non specific, cell specific

Question 32

types of carcinoembryonic tumor marker

Answer 32

CEA and AFP

Question 33

type of non specific marker

Answer 33

LASA-P

Question 34

give monoclonal defined tumor marker

Answer 34

CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CA 72-4, FREE PSA

Question 35

recommendations for test ordering

Answer 35

ordering serial tests, using same kit, half-life of tumor marker, hook effect

Question 36

major fetal serum and carcinoembryonic protein

Answer 36

alpha 1-feto protein