Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY > TUMOR MARKERS > Flashcards

TUMOR MARKERS Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What type of cellular adaptation changes is responsible for the decrease in cell size of matured and functional cells?

A

Atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A cell growth progress which an immature cell matures to a specialized and functional cell

A

Differentiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This is a mass of tissue caused by over proliferation due to excess cell production or halted cell death

A

Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This is a type of tumor that is poorly differentiated and metastasize.

A

Malignant Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False: The greater, more aggressive, or rapidly growing the Primary neoplasm, the greater the likelihood that the tumor cells will metastisize.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This is a form of tumor that is palpable and stationary.

A

Solid Tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A form of Tumor that spreads.

A

Diffuse tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Malignant tumor dealing with connective tissues and mesenchymal cells

A

Sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Malignant tumors dealing with epithelial cells

A

Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A treatment plan that uses hormones to fight cancer by interfering with the behaviors of the hormones.

A

Hormonal Therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This treatment plan uses chemicals to kill cancer cells but also kills healthy cells.

A

Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This apoptosis marker prevents the multiplication of damaged cells.

A

p53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This apoptosis marker prevents and induces apoptosis

A

BCL - 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This apoptosis marker initiates apoptosis.

A

Fas- Fas ligand/ Fas L/ CD 95 - L/ CD 175

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an ideal marker?

A

tumor - specific, absent in healthy individual, readily detectable in body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: Cancer biomarkers have high specificity and low sensitivity.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This is a marker that indicated the presence or absence of cancer.

A

Tumor marker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This is a type of marker that indicates the possibility of a person acquiring cancer.

A

Risk Marker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

this type of tumor exhibit high rate of glycolytic activity in the presence of oxygen

A

Malignant tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Isoenzyme seen on most cancerst at advance stage

A

LD 4& LD 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Monoclonal TM: Gastric CA

A

CA72 - 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

CA 125 : Assoc Malignan Disease

A

Ovarian CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Monoclonal Kit: Pancreatic CA

23
Q

Non specifit tumor marker that is inexpensive, simple to measure and is used in monitoring therapy to detect the recurrence of tumor

24
cell - specific TM for neuroendocrine cell CA
Chromogranin A & Neuron specific enolase
25
Hook effect is observed in what assay
sandwich - type solid phase immunoassay
26
This happens when the concentration of the tumor marker rises above a certain level which results to falsely low value.
Hook Effect
27
most commonly used method to measure TM
Immunoassay
28
major fetal serum and carcinoembryonic protein declines at 7-10 mos upper normal level = 15ng/mL
A1 - fetoprotein (AFP)
29
- 0C 125 against serous ovarian CA cell line - useful for detecting ovarian tumors at an early stage upper normal limit 35 U/mL
CA 125
30
mucin glycoprotein expressed by various adenocarcinomas | most sensitive and specific marker for monitoring metastatic breast CA
CA 15-3
31
molecule carrying this appears as mucin in the sera of patients but as ganglioside in tumor cells not orgrn specific but has highest sensitivity at pancreatic and gastric CA
CA 19-9
32
first carcinoembryonic proteins most widely used TM for gastrointestinal tumor nonspecific marker for colorectal CA high levels of this are associated with malignancy recommended that level of this marker be monitored every 2-3 months to detect recurrence and determine therapy efficacy
CEA
33
constant light chain of HLA expressed on the surface of most ucleated cells stable in serum but degrades rapidly in urine with <6.0pH surface of lymphocytes and monocytes reference - 0.9-2.5 mg/L
B2 - Microglobulin
34
localized in mammary and uterine tissue transcription factors = activate DNA & modulate specific gene expression breast tumor
Estrogen Receptor
35
more sensitive indicator for potential responsiveness to endocrine therapy than ER
PR
36
HcG is secreted by which cells of the placenta
syncytiotrophoblast cells
37
elevated in urine and serum = pregnancy, lung CA prognostic indicator = Ovarian CA diagnostic marker = Testicular CA Most useful marker for detection of Gestational trophoblastic diseases
Human chorionic gonadotropin
38
major soluble protein on the chromaffin granule useful marker of exocytoxic sympathetic activity in patients with pheochromocytoma released by adrenal medulla
Chromogranin A
39
with HVA, are acidic metabolites of catecholamines patients= neuroblastoma & pheochromocytoma Diagnosis = pheochromocytoma Monitoring patients during treatment
Vaillymandelic Acid (VMA)
40
together with VMA - detection & monitoring = pheochromocytoma diagnosis - neuroblastoma (children)
Homovallinic Acid (HVA)
41
diagnosis of pheochromocytoma
Metanephrine
42
gamma subunit of enolase isozyme in glycolytic pathway found predominantly in neurons and neuroendocrine cells - neuroendocrine system ( glucagonomas & insulinomas) - oat cell, small cell, lung CA
neuron-specific enolase
43
kallikrein - like serine prortease produced by cell lining the acini and ducts of prostate gland major protein in seminal plasma
PSA
44
used to facilitate more specific finding to prostate cancer
Prostate cancer gene - 3 (PCA - 3)
45
near neutral subtraction of TA -4 tumor antigen | useful = squamous cell CA (head &neck, lung, esophagus, anal canal)
Squamous Cell CA Antigens (SCCA)
46
urine of many patients : bladder CA non cancerous conditions - kidney stones &UTI along with NMP22 = recurrence of bladder CA
Bladder Tumor Antigen
47
ovarian, pancreatic, stomach CA
CA 72-4
48
Bone marrow CAs: Multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia - very high IgM
Immunoglobulins
49
produced by parafollicular C cells = thyroid early cancer: medullary thyroid carcinoma (100pg/ml) elevated but not used to follow these cancer: lung CA, leukemia
Calcitonin
50
thyroid CA
Thyroglobulin
51
most melanoma cells | metastatic melanoma
S-100
52
look for spread of melanoma | colon & breast CA
TA-90
53
Metastatic breast carcinoma
CA 27-29
54
breast, ovarian, GI Tumors
Her-2/NEU
55
head, neck, ovarian, cervical CA
epidermal growth factor receptor

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions