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USMLE: brute memorization > Tumor markers > Flashcards

Tumor markers Flashcards

1
Q

Vementin positive on immunohistochemistry

A

Mesenchymal tumor

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2
Q

Desmin positive on immunohistochemistry

A

Muscle tumor

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3
Q

GFAP positive on immunohistochemistry

A

Neuroglial tumor

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4
Q

Chromagranin positive on immunohistochemistry

A

Neuroendocrine tumor (i.e. carcinoid tumor or small cell lung carcinoma)

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5
Q

S-100 positive on immunohistochemistry

A

Melanoma, schwannoma, or langerhans cell histiocytosis

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6
Q

TdT

A

Lymphoblast marker. DNA polymerase present in the nucleus of lymphoblasts. Not seen in myeloblasts or in mature lymphocytes. Marker for ALL

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7
Q

Myeloperoxidase

A

Myeloblast marker. Can crystallize to form Auer rods. Marker for AML, but often absent in acute monocytic leukemia and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

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8
Q

B-ALL surface markers

A

TdT, CD10, CD19, CD20

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9
Q

T-ALL surface markers

A

TdT, CD2 through CD8. No CD10

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10
Q

Translocations in B-ALL

A

t(12;21): seen in kids; good prognosis

t(9;22) seen in adults; poor prognosis

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11
Q

t(15;17)

A

Seen in APML. Translocation of retinoic acid receptor on chromosome 17 to chromosome 15. RAR disruption blocks maturation so promyelocyte blasts accumulate.

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12
Q

CD34

A

Marker of hematopoeitic stem cell

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13
Q

CLL markers

A

CD5 and CD20

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14
Q

TRAP

A

Positive in hairy cell leukemia

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15
Q

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

A

Enzyme present in secondary granules of granulocytes. Negative in CML; positive in infection induced granulocytosis - useful for distinguishing.

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16
Q

Bcl2

A

Expression in follicles associated with follicular lymphoma. While BCL2 normally expressed in most cells throughout the body, isn’t normally expressed in follicles to allow for apoptosis associated with somatic hypermutation.
t(14;18) is the translocation associated

17
Q

Cyclin D1

A

Overexpressed in mantle cell lymphoma due to t(11;14). Promotes G1/S transition in cell cycle

18
Q

c-myc

A

overexpressed in Burkitt lymphoma due to t(8;14); promotes cell growth

19
Q

Hodkin lymphoma expression

A

Positive for CD15 and CD30. Even though is a B cell tumor, no CD20 expression

20
Q

IL-5

A

Produced by reed sternberg cells. Accounts for the abundant eosinophils seen in the mixed cellularity variant of Hodkin lymphoma

21
Q

IL-6

A

Serum IL-6 high in multiple myeloma as it is the cytokine that stimulates plasma cell growth and immunoglobulin production

22
Q

Langerhans histiocytosis markers

A

CD1a+ and S100+

23
Q

t(14;18)

A

follicular lymphoma

24
Q

t(11;14)

A

mantle cell lymphoma

25
Q

n-myc

A

neuroblastoma and small cell lung cancer

26
Q

t(8;14)

A

burkitt lymphoma

USMLE: brute memorization (4 decks)

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