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NMSP > Tumors of the Nervous System part 1 > Flashcards

Tumors of the Nervous System part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What anatomic location is the most common for KID CNS tumors?

A

Posterior Fossa – infratentorial

– cerebellum/brainstem

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2
Q

What anatomic location is the most common for ADULT CNS tumors?

A

Cerebral Hemispheres – supratentorial

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3
Q

What is the most common CNS tumor type for children?

A

Medulloblastoma (embyronal)

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4
Q

What is the most common CNS tumor type for adults?

A

Glioblastoma

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5
Q

Define the CNS tumor Grade system

A

Grade 1
Grade 2 - Infiltrative with Atypia
Grade 3 - Anaplastic and mitoses
Grade 4 - Microvascular proliferation and Necrosis

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6
Q

What are 3 types of Astrocytomas?

A
  1. Infiltrating Astrocytomas
  2. Pilocytic Astrocytoma
  3. Glioblastoma
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7
Q

With Astrocytomas, the grade of the tumor usually increases as?

A

As age increases

– ex. Grade 4 = Older adults

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8
Q

What grade is a Pilocytic Astrocytoma and what age group/location does it usually affect?

A

Grade 1

  • Affects those in first 2 decades of life
  • Affects Cerebellum
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9
Q

Besides the IAA1549 - BRAF gene, what other gene predisposes an individual to a Pilocytic Astrocytoma?

A

NF1

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10
Q

How does a Pilocytic Astrocytoma look in the brain?

A

Well circumscribed

= Cystic with a mural nodule

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11
Q

Cystic tumor with a mural nodule in the cerebellum in likely a?

A

Pilocytic Astroctyoma

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12
Q

What are the histo attributes of a Pilocytic Astrocytoma? (4)

A
  • Rosenthal fibers
  • EGBs (eosinophilic granular bodies)
  • Biphasic pattern (loose + dense tissue)
  • Hair-like cells with bipolar processes
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13
Q

What are the histo attributes of a Pilocytic Astrocytoma? (4)

A
  • Rosenthal fibers
  • EGBs (eosinophilic granular bodies)
  • Biphasic pattern (loose and dense tissue)
  • Hair-like cells with bipolar processes
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14
Q

Infiltrating Astrocytomas are Grades 2-4. What is a common symptom with them?

A

SEIZURES, headaches, focal neuro deficits

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15
Q

What gene mutation is more favorable due to a better prognosis with Infiltrating Astrocytomas?

A

IDH1 R132H mutant&raquo_space; IDH wild type

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16
Q

Infiltrating Astrocytomas have ______ _____ nuclei and a _____ background

A

Hypercellular Hyperchromatic nuclei

Fibrillar background

17
Q

What grade is a Glioblastoma and what is it the most common of?

A

Grade 4 – most common brain neoplasm

18
Q

Primary Glioblastoma

A

Older patient with NO precursor lesion

19
Q

What mutations (3) are likely present in a Primary Glioblastoma?

A

IDH wild type, EGFR, TERT

20
Q

Secondary Glioblastoma

A

Younger patient preceded by a lower grade lesion

21
Q

What mutation is likely present with a Secondary Glioblastoma?

A

IDH1 R132H mutant == better prognosis

22
Q

On imaging, how does a Glioblastoma appear?

A

Contrast ring enhancing with central necrosis

23
Q

What are the 3 histo attributes of a Glioblastoma?

A
  1. Serpentine (snake) pattern
  2. Pseudo-palisading
  3. Vascular/endothelial proliferation
24
Q

What are the 3 histo attributes of a Glioblastoma?

A
  1. Serpentine (snake) pattern
  2. Pseudo-palisading
  3. Vascular/endothelial proliferation
25
How does an Oligodendroglioma usually present?
Seizures and neuro complaints for several YEARS
26
What will be seen on the cortex of the brain with an Oligodendroglioma?
Calcification on the cortex in a curvilinear pattern
27
What are the 2 histo attributes of an Oligodendroglioma?
1. Perinuclear halos = fried eggs | 2. Anastomosing capillaries = chicken wire
28
What 3 mutations offer a favorable prognosis for an Oligodendroglioma?
- IDH1 and IDH2 mutations | - 1p19Q loss
29
When and where do Ependymomas usually present?
First 2 decades of life | -- 4th ventricle floor/spinal
30
Ependymomas are usually Grade 2 neoplasms. If they are Grade 3, what histo attribute is more diagnostic?
Ependymal (true) Rosettes with a central canal >> Perivascular (pseudo) Rosettes
31
How do Ependymomas look in the 4th ventricle?
Discrete and exophytic
32
A Mxyopapillary Ependymoma is a Grade 1 subtype. Where does it present?
Filum Terminale
33
A Subependymoma is a Grade 1 subtype. Where does it present?
Lateral or 4th ventricle under the ependymal layer
34
What symptom can a Subependymoma Grade 1 subtype tumor cause?
Obstructive Hydrocephalus
35
What are 3 types of Gliomas?
Astroctyomas Oligodendroglioma Ependymoma
36
What will a Choroid Plexus Papilloma present as?
Hydrocephalus due to obstruction
37
A Colloid Cyst of the 3rd ventricle is a type of choroid plexus tumor. What does it obstruct?
Foramen of Monro
38
A Colloid Cyst of the 3rd ventricle can also be positional because what does it cause?
NON-communicating hydrocephalus

NMSP (28 decks)

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