Tumors Of The Urogenital Tract Flashcards
(42 cards)
Scottish terriers are at the highest risk for what?
Bladder neoplasia
T or F:
Herbicide exposure is associated with an increased risk of TCC.
True *newer spot-on type flea control products (i.e. containing fipronil) = safer and not associated with TCC*
T or F:
Studies have found that high risk breeds had a reduced risk of TCC when fed vegetables at least 3x/week along w/their normal diet.
True.
Why is TCC most commonly located at the trigone of the bladder in dogs?
dogs never truly VOID their bladder - that little bit of residual urine tends to pool at the level of the trigone - so that region gets the most contact exposure to environmental intoxicants
After detecting a palpable mass (bladder) in abdomen on a dog, you perform a rectal exam and find thickened urethra/iliac lymph nodes. What is your suspicion?
TCC
What is the “gold standard” for TCC diagnosis?
Cystosonography (Also cystoscopy with biopsy- but more invasive)
What is Dr. Cavanaugh’s suggestion (“general reservation”) for partial cystectomy in dogs with urinary bladder neoplasia (TCC)?
Reserved for solitary masses located in the apex of the bladder that do not have regional or systemic metastasis
What is the likely mechanism of the antineoplastic effects of NSAIDS on TCC patients?
Inhibition of COX-2:
due to the lack of expression in normal bladder epithelium and its substantial expression in TCC suggest that this isoform may be involved in tumor cell growth
What is the common chemotherapy protocol used in clinics for non-surgical treatment of TCC?
Mitoxantrone w/piroxicam (aka feldane)
MST: 8months
Since we don’t want to use the “standard” cyclophosphamide (d/t acrolein metabolite accumulation and the sensitivity of the bladder, etc), what alternative metronomic chemotherapy might we administer to treat dogs with TCC?
Chlorambucil
MST: ~6months
Concerning TCC treatment outcomes summary, what is the most favorable situation and outcome?
Surgery (non-trigonal; at the apex, so a partial cystectomy)
with chemo
MST: ~2years
What is the most successful placement method of indwelling, double-pigtail stents for treatment of malignant ureteral obstruction in dogs?
Percutaneous antegrade
What is the most common tumor in female dogs?
Mammary gland tumors
*breeds: pointers, Irish setters, spaniels, labs
What breed of cat is associated with mammary tumors at a younger age and higher rate of lymphatic invasion?
Siamese
Mammary gland tumors in dogs tend to be in the more caudal (4th and 5th) glands, whereas MG tumors in cats…..
Are affected equally w/no side or site predilection
Which species is more likely to develop malignant carcinoma from mammary gland tumors?
Cats
How does body weight during puberty contribute to risk factors in canines with regard to mammary tumors?
Underweight=protective
If you spay a dog before its 1st estrus, what is the lifetime risk for MGT?
0.5%
What is the benefit of OHE after 4 years of age in a dog with regard to risk of MGT?
None; no benefits
What is the one time you can have tumor seeding with an FNA?
Uroepithelial neoplasms!
What might we find on rectal exam in diagnosing TCC?
Thickened urethra/iliac lymph nodes
What’s the preferred modality in diagnosing TCC?
Cytosonography (US)
Which isoenzyme of COX is constitutively expressed in many normal tissues, including the epithelium of the urinary bladder in dogs?
COX-1!
Which isoenzyme of COX is induced in inflammation and has also been found to be expressed in epithelial malignancies, including humans and canine TCC?
COX-2
