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Tumour Summary Flashcards

1
Q

Describe staging system for canine oral melanoma?

A
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2
Q

Which 2 IHC are most useful in dogs and cats for melanocytic tumours?

A

Melan-A and PNL-2
(these are antigens found in melanocytes)

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3
Q

Which IHC are also helpful in dogs for melanocytic neoplasms?

A

TRP-1 and TRP-2

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4
Q

What’s the sensitivity/ specificity of Melan-A, PNL-2, TRP-1/2 cocktail?

A

Sensitivity = 100%
Specificity = 93.9% (against STS)

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5
Q

What ICC is available for melanocytic tumours?

A

Melan-A
could try on LN FNA, especially if amelanotic

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6
Q

List 3 histological prognostic criteria for melanocytic tumours.

A

Nuclear atypia
- < 20% for cutaneous = better
- < 30% for oral = better
Mitotic count
- < 3 for cutaneous –> MST = 2+y; vs 7m if ≥ 3/ 10 hpf (2.37mm2)
- < 4 for oral –> sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 84%
Degree of pigmentation
- ≥ 50% = longer survival time
- Should not be used alone

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7
Q

Which is an established molecular prognostic factor for melanocytic tumours?

A

ki67
<19.5 for oral
< 15% for cutaneous

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8
Q

What is the histologic type of canine oral melanoma?

A

Oral malignant melanoma

Histologically well-differentiated melanocytic neoplasm

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9
Q

What is the metastatic rate on presentation for canine digital melanoma?

A

30-40%

10-26% develop metastasis after definitive therapy

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10
Q

What is the median survival time (MST) for canine footpad melanoma?

A

240 days (8 months)

Overall metastatic rate = 55%

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11
Q

What factors influence the prognosis of canine oral malignant melanoma?

A

Metastasis = most common cause of death

14-67% (pulmonary)

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12
Q

What is the MST for canine oral malignant melanoma when treated with surgery, radiation, and immunotherapy for the lip?

A

580 days

MST for tongue = 551 days

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13
Q

What is the MST for histologically well-differentiated melanocytic neoplasm?

A

34 months

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14
Q

What is the significance of the Ki67 marker in canine melanocytic tumors?

A

It is the only established prognostic factor

< 19.5 better than ≥ 19.5 for oral tumors

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15
Q

What is the impact of tumor thickness on prognosis for non-oral cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms?

A

> 0.95 cm = shorter overall survival; > 0.75 cm = shorter disease-free interval

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16
Q

What is the 1-year survival rate for canine digital SCC?

A

95%

74% survive at 2 years

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17
Q

What is the MST for canine digital melanoma when treated with surgery only?

A

~ 12 months

18
Q

What is the local recurrence rate for canine cutaneous melanoma post-surgery?

19
Q

What is the MST for canine foot pad malignant melanoma when metastasis is on presentation?

A

240 days (8 months)

20
Q

What is the overall MST for canine oral malignant melanoma according to Boston et al 2014?

21
Q

What is the MST for stage I canine oral malignant melanoma?

A

17-18 months

22
Q

What is the median time to progression (MTP) for canine oral malignant melanoma?

A

508 days (17 months)

MST = 723 days (24 months)

23
Q

What is the median survival time (MST) for canine oral malignant melanoma when treated with radiation therapy?

A

190 – 401 days (6 – 14.7 months)

24
Q

What is the response rate (RR) for canine oral malignant melanoma treated with radiation?

A

81-100% in 70% of tumors

25
What is the overall MST for canine oral malignant melanoma when treated with radiation therapy and temozolomide?
Not significantly different (192 days vs 401 days)
26
What is the significance of a mitotic index (MI) greater than 20 per 10 hpf in canine melanoma?
Predictive for overall survival time (OST)
27
What is the MST for stage II canine oral malignant melanoma?
5-6 months; 240 days (8 months)
28
What is the MST for stage III canine oral malignant melanoma?
3 months; 173 days (~6 months)
29
What factors are associated with increased risk of metastasis in canine oral malignant melanoma?
Tumor caudal to PM3, incomplete excision ## Footnote 3.6x more likely to die due to tumor with incomplete excision
30
What is the recurrence rate for histologically well-differentiated melanocytic neoplasms in the oral cavity?
3.1% (2/69)
31
What is the median survival time (MST) for dogs treated with radiation therapy (RT) only for oral malignant melanoma?
307 days ## Footnote MST for RT only is compared to 286 days with carboplatin, showing no statistical difference.
32
What was the response rate of cisplatin combined with piroxicam for the treatment of oral malignant melanoma in dogs?
18% ## Footnote This data is sourced from a study evaluating the effectiveness of this chemotherapy combination.
33
What is the MST for vaccinated dogs compared to unvaccinated dogs with oral malignant melanoma?
653-684 days for vaccinated dogs vs. 200-220 days for unvaccinated dogs ## Footnote This indicates a significant advantage in survival for vaccinated dogs.
34
What is the overall response rate (ORR) for dogs treated with surgery and Oncept?
52% ## Footnote This response rate includes complete responses (CR), partial responses (PR), and stable disease (SD).
35
What was the median progression-free survival (PFS) for dogs undergoing surgery with adjuvant carboplatin?
259 days (8.6 months) ## Footnote This metric is important for assessing the effectiveness of the treatment.
36
Fill in the blank: The median duration of response for carboplatin only in dogs with malignant melanoma is _______.
165 days ## Footnote This reflects the time period during which the treatment was effective.
37
How does the MST of dogs with digital melanoma vary by stage?
Stage I: > 952d, Stage II: > 1093d, Stage III: 321d, Stage IV: 76d ## Footnote This illustrates how prognosis declines with advancing stage.
38
What is the overall MST for dogs treated with surgery and Oncept?
335 days (11 months) ## Footnote This shows the survival benefit of the surgery combined with the vaccine.
39
What was the local recurrence rate for vaccinated vs. unvaccinated dogs in the study?
21-35% for vaccinated vs. 39-42% for unvaccinated ## Footnote This highlights the potential benefit of vaccination in reducing recurrence.
40
What are the adverse effects reported in cats treated with Oncept?
Pain on vaccine administration, brief muscle fasciculation, transient inappetence, depression, nausea, mild increase in pigmentation ## Footnote These side effects were observed in 11.4% of treated cats.
41
What is the median time to progression (TTP) for dogs treated with surgery and Oncept?
304 days (10 months) ## Footnote This indicates the time until the disease worsens post-treatment.

Withrow 2025 (22 decks)

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