Tumours Of The Repro Tract Flashcards

Question

Describe the spread of serous carcinoma

Answer 1

Exfoliates Travels through Fallopian tubes Deposits on peritoneal surface Associated with collections of calcium (Psammoma bodies)

Answer 2

* Hysterectomy * Bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy * +/- lymph node node dissection * +/-chemo radiotherapy

Answer 3

``` Tumour of the myometrium Leiomyoma (fibroid) • Most common tumour of myometrium • Benign • Pale, homogenous, well circumscribed mass ```

Answer 4

``` Vast range of sizes Presentation • Asymptomatic • Pelvic pain • Heavy periods • Urinary frequency (bladder compression) ```

Answer 5

Whorled, intersecting fascicles of benign smooth muscle cells Not much variation. Slightly unusually arrangement. - streaming. These are called fascia=cels. They ae intersecting. Some have spindle nuclei and some are rounder - but this is due to the blame of the section. Benign.

Answer 6

``` Malignant tumour of smooth muscle Cells are bizarre and atypical Doesn’t arise from a leiomyoma Metastases to lung common Mitotic figures. No fascicles. ```

Answer 7

• Presentation – Early symptoms – vague and non specific - Delayed diagnosis ``` – Later symptoms • Abdominal pain • Abdominal distension • Urinary symptoms • Gastrointestinal symptoms • Hormonal disturbances ```

Answer 8

• Ca-125 – Serum marker – used in diagnosis and monitoring for recurrence • Some cancers associated with BRCA1/2 mutations – High grade serous cancers – Prophylactic salpingo-oophrectomy

Answer 9

Lined by epithelium • Epithelial tumours Contains germ cells • Germ cell tumours Contains stromal cells • Sex cord stromal. tumours Is also a site for metastatic spread

Answer 10

``` • Often present as cystic masses • Histological subtypes: – Serous – Mucinous – Endometrioid • Can all be: – Benign – Borderline (Increased atypia, no stromal invasion) – Malignant ```

Answer 11

Highly atypical, pleomorphic cells Bizarre atypical cells - clumps and sheets Often show Psammoma Bodies Often spreads to peritoneal surface Transcoelomic spread - into serous cavities - biopsies from onetime, peritoneum, - impact on staging and prognosis

Answer 12

Atypical epithelial cells Secreting mucin Nuclei are piled up - some mitotic bodies. - may b e malignant

Answer 13

Glands resembling endometrium May arise in endometriosis May have synchronous endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma Cells piling up, mitotic bodies. May arise in endometriosis.

Answer 14

``` Most common germ cell tumour Three subtypes: • Mature (benign) - hair and teeth can be in them • Immature (malignant) • Monodermal (highly specialised) ```

Answer 15

``` Aka dermis cyst Contain fully mature, Skin differentiated tissue from all germ cell layers Can haeve g, resp, neural, skin tissue, etc Can be bilateral Cartilage Often contains skin + hair GI epithelium structures ```

Answer 16

• Contains immature, embryonal tissue • Malignant - Tissue thats not able to differentiate - indicated malignancy

Answer 17

Teratoma comprised almost entirely of one fully differentiated tissue type Most common = thyroid tissue (Struma Ovarii) Benign Can cause hypo/hyperthyroid -ism

Answer 18

* Dysgerminoma (equivalent of Seminoma in testes) * Choriocarcinoma * Embryonal Carcinoma * Yolk Sac Tumour * All are malignant

Answer 19

• From ovarian stroma – Stroma derived from sex cord of embryonic gonad – Sex cord produces • Sertoli and Leydig cells in the testes • Granulosa and Theca cells in the ovaries – Tumours resembling all these cell types can arise in the ovary

Answer 20

``` • Produce oestrogen – Patient pre-puberty? • Precocious puberty – Adult patient? • Breast cancer • Endometrial hyperplasia • Endometrial carcinoma ```

Answer 21

``` • Produce testosterone – Patient pre-puberty? • Prevents normal female pubertal changes – Adult patient? • Sterility • Amenorrhoea • Hirsuitism • Male pattern baldness • Breast atrophy ```

Answer 22

``` • Risk factor: – Cryptorchidism (undescended testicle) • Presentation: – Mass +/- pain • Investigations: – Scans (Ultrasound) – Tumour markers ```

Answer 23

• Used in germ cell tumour diagnosis/assessing response to treatment • β hCG – Choriocarcinoma • Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) – Yolk Sac tumours • Tumours may be benign/malignant depending on age of patient Tumours that arise in adults tend to be mixed. - more than one subtype - more than 1 marker elevated

Tumours Of The Repro Tract Flashcards

(49 cards)