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Tungsten arsenal Flashcards

1
Q

Tungsten lamp

A

light is created by running electrical current through a tungsten filament until it glows.
Filament is held in an inert gas inside the sealed glass bulb to prevent the filament from simply being incinerated.
Powered by either AC or DC

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2
Q

tungsten halogen lamp

A

type of incandescent that contains special regenerative elements to prevent deposits of tungsten from blackening the globe

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3
Q

halogen cycle

A

halogen carries evaporated tungsten back to the filament to be reused. prevents blackening

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4
Q

why are tungsten lamps made of quartz?

A

the halogen cycle must occur at a high temperature (at least 250 C) quartz can withstand a high temperature

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5
Q

LCL

A

lamp center length
defines the position of the center of the filament of the lamp, centers it with respect to the reflector, the lens, and other optical elements

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6
Q

why use an alternative globe?

A

frosted instead of clear glass
different wattage or color temp
globe with lower color temp may have a longer lamp life

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7
Q

what must be true to use diff globe in a fixture

A

same lamp base

same LCL, lamp center length

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8
Q

fresnel fixture

A

designed to create wide, even field of light with adjustable intensity and field size
makes clean, hard shadows
named for fresnel lens
has sphericalreflector
globe and reflector mounted together, moved toward or away from the lens

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9
Q

Fresnel lens

A

refacts the diverging rays of light emitted by the bulb into a controlled beamof light
has the same light bending as a standard plan-convex lens, but compresses the convex curve into jagged steps, making it lighter and thinner, so it retains less heat
back of the lens is frosted or slightly peddled, helps maintain a very even bean, prevents it from projecting an image of the fialment

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10
Q

spherical reflector

A

gives fresnel its high level of control and even field
reflects light straight back through the bulb
therefore all light eminates from a single point within the fixture
polished reflector- maximizes light output
frosted reflector- maintains even field

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11
Q

FLood/spot on Fresnel

A

globe and reflector move together
toward the lens, floods, increasing spread and decreasing intensity
away from lens, spots, makes beam narrower and more intense

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12
Q

fresnel beam

A

Flood- beam even across 40 deg, falls off quickly toward edge. no central hotspot
spotted in- rays become less divergent, more nearly parallel, beam narrows and gets brighter at the center, falling off rapidly at either side
full spot- usable portion 10 deg

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13
Q

throw

A

distance from light to the subject

greater throw in spot position

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14
Q

usable light in a field

A

area of light that has an intensity of at least 10% of the peak value

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15
Q

beam/ “working light”

A

area of light that has an intensity of at least 50% of the peak value

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16
Q

hot spot

A

bright spot within the beam

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17
Q

cd

A

candela, unit of luminous intensity(candle power) equal to

cd= foot candles x (distance in feet)^2

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18
Q

where does fresnel make its hardest, most delineated shadows

A

full flood

the more spotted, the less hard the shadow lines appear

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19
Q

where does fresnel make fuzzier shadows?

A

full spot

rays are nearly parallel, but some converge slightly and cross one another, creates fuzziness in shadows

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20
Q

fresnel accessories

A

barndoors, set of scrims, snoot

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21
Q

scrim

A

stainless steel wire screen used to reduce the intensity of the light

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22
Q

single scrim

A

loose wire weave, green ring, cuts light by half stop

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23
Q

double scrim

A

tighter wire weave, red ring, cuts light by full stop

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24
Q

hollywood set

A

single, two doubles, half-single, half double, gel frame

some have quarter and graduated

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25
half-scrims
affect one half of the beam | used to even out intensity of light as subject moves
26
gel frame
only holds gels or diffusion for short spans of time | can melt onto scrims
27
barn doors
control of edges of beam, soft cut big doors horizontal- chinese big doors vertical- american
28
snoot
for a confined, narrow, circular beam wide- top hat narrow-stovepipe some have rings with diff aperture sizes to adjust beam width
29
top hat
wide snoot
30
stovepipe
narrow snoot
31
focal spot
attachment that changes fresnel light into spotlight creates narrow, bright, even circle framing shutters accepts gobos, mattesinterchangeable lenstubes- wide beam and narrow beam gel ring
32
shutters
``` heavy duty louvers or blinds rows of parallel slats that open and close mounted on the front of a light when light needs to change during shot keep far from subject lightning effects ```
33
20k fresnel
typically 30 in lens stand alone dimmer used to bring to full, prevents inrush current from blowing bulb available in 208, 220, 230, 240 V match lamp to voltage
34
ANSI code
American National standards Institute
35
Bipostal lamp base
most larger fresnels
36
bayonet base
smaller lamps
37
installing 2k globes
lights 2000w and larger, screw in base tightens the base around the pins
38
Open face flood/spot
reflector farther forward, spot | reflector farther back, flood
39
Access inside of fresnel
1) 1k and up, lens door swings open on a hinge 2) baby-baby, top of housing swings back on hinge 3) top of pepper swings open to one side 4) lens of midhet held in place by metal tab
40
tilt angle
fresnels should be hung rightside down | larger expensive globes, some tilted within 45 deg of vertical
41
soft lights
designed to produce diffsued light with less-defined shadows light from tubular globes directed into white concave reflector, wide,even, uncontrollle spread used for fill and room ambiance less light per watt than fresnels multiple globes switched on and off individuallly
42
soft light accessories
egg crate- black, metal grid control spill snoot gel frame/diffusor frame, front of snoot usually no scrims
43
Bag lights
fabric softbox/chimera, acccessory designed to create pleasing soft light by diffusing the light rays and enlarging the size of the source, containing light between fixture and diffusion
44
Open face lights
fixture without a lens simpler, less expensive, less refined, beam not clean like a fresnel light comes from the lam and the reflector, creating a double shadow line good bounce lights, good for lighting background prime fixtures, broads, nooklight, portable light kits
45
Prime fixtures
use a double-ended lamp round face, adjustable reflector for flood/spot control barn doors and scrim set lightweight, durable, high intensity/watt more controllabe than broads and nook lights all mount on baby stud need large barn doors run very hot, need ventilation
46
Flood/spot on open face prime fixtures
when the globe is close to the reflector, reflector sends out a wide beam, when globe pulled away form the reflector, reflects more of the rays in a narrower beam
47
Broad and nook lights
long double-ened bulb and curved or v-shaped reflector | cheap, small, light
48
PAR lights- PAR reflector
either: those that use PAR lamp those that use a single-ended axially mounted lamp in a fixture having a parabolic reflector lamp filament placed at the focal point of a polished aluminum paraboli reflector, light is projected formt he reflector in parallel rays rays pass through a spreader lens punchy, bright beam the most output per way 1kPAR with very narrow spot lens bright as a 10k fresnel, much smaller beam size
49
PAR lamps
all optical parts of par light contain ed within the PAR lamp filament, envelope, lens, reflector one permanently sealed unit
50
Most common PAR lamp sizes
8 in PAR 64 (500-1000w) | 4 1/2 in PAR 36 (usually 650w)
51
Beam shape, Medium flood and wide lens
elliptical beam, not circular | lamp can be turned to orient the beam
52
Narrowest, most intense PAR beam
ACL (aircraft landing) light | operate at 28V, can be wired in series in gangs of 4 and connected to 120V
53
Dichrotic reflector PARs
FAY- dichroic PAR 36 5000K 650w
54
Par cans
Par lamp mounted at the back of a coffee-can like cylinder, extended snoot and gel frame typically 10 in gel frame Types; PAR 64 PAR 56, 46, 38, 16
55
Molepars, Master Lite, Cine-queen
PAR 64 lamp housing with earsto hold barn doors and scrims | more spill
56
Par arrays
``` 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 lamps most common, nine-light PAR- MaxiBrute rest referred to by number in cluster contain pods of 3-6 pod can be swiveled ```
57
Maxi-Brute
9-light 64 PAR array
58
Dino
24-light PAR 64 array | aka Moleeno
59
Super Dino
36-light PAR 64 array
60
Mini-brute
nine-light | smaller PAR 36 nine-light
61
ARRI Ruby-7
seven PAr 64 globes mounted in a circle than hinges from outside ring. beams can converge, or diverge, or unite in parallel beam
62
Axially-mounted par fixtures
highest wattage PAR is 1200w Mole recently axially mounted tungsten lamps, Tungsten Pars- 2k, 5k, 12k, changeable lens 12k par comparable in output to 20k fresnel, 60% less power, 60% less heat allow adjustment of lamp, but nto really flood spot, for evenness and brightness of beam
63
SOurce Four Par- ETC
uses HPL 575w (comparable to PAR 64 1000w) and 750w (brighter than PAR 64 1000w) 3250K 750w, 575w, 375w also 3050K long life version VNSP, NSP, MFL, WFL, and XWFL top hat snoot, gel extender, concentric ring snoot, barn doors
64
Mac Tech Tungsten | 6- 9-, 12- light arrays
axially mounted lamps, reduce weight and lamp cost | aluminum frame
65
Ellipsoidal Reflector spotlights (ERS)
``` ellipsoidal, profile spotlight, Leko, Source Four strong throw, versatility, control to light areas of stage can make hard cuts when no room for flags shaped by: shutters- shape beam edges into square gobo slot- gobo pattern iris- shrinks radius of field ```
66
Source Four lens- relatinpship between intensity and beam angle
narrower the beam angle, greater the throw and instensity and smaller the field (fill a screen in limited space, 70 or 90 degree) (far away, 14, 10, or 5 degree)
67
Standard Source Four Lenses
``` 5 10 14 19 26 36 50 70 90 15-30 Zoom 25-50 Zoom ```
68
EDLT
Enhanced Definition Lens Tube
69
EDLT Options
``` Degrees, Lens Diameter and focusl length 19- 6x16 26- 6x12 36- 6x9 50- 4 1/2 x 6 ```
70
6 in Lens, 9 in focal length
36 degree
71
6 in lens, 16 in focal length
19 degree
72
6 in lens, 12 inch focal length
26 degree
73
4.5 in lens, 6 in focal length
50 degree
74
Adjusting alignment of Source Four lamp
normally adjusted for even field, but if want to increase center brightness Outer knob centers lamp Inner knob adjusts flatness of the field
75
Flat field
as even a field as possible, all the way to edges
76
peak field
as bright as possible and less flat
77
bail block
TVMP, bolts ot he bail in place of pipe clamp and fits baby and junior stands
78
pigtail adapters
Bates to Edison adapters, for theater lights
79
Ellipsoidal spotlight accessories
``` gel drames gobo pattern holders irises Donut EDLT follow spot adaptation- followspot yoke, operating handles ```
80
Donut
metal mask slides into gel frame, used to sharpen gobo pattern, clean up color fringes at beam edge
81
Enhanced definition lens tubes
used for image projection extremely sharp increase field lumens and contrast
82
gobo rotator
fits into iris slot, rotates with 24V motor, animates the fixed gobo
83
linear gobo fx
fits into iris slot, creates linear patterns with variable speed motor or large gobo wheel that spins, creating linear effect
84
color scroller
holds colored gel in a long scroll
85
sea changer
color engine that uses variavle aoutns of 4 dichroic filters
86
moving mirror remote
moving mirror, attaches to rear fel slov provides remote control of pan and tilt
87
daylight source four
source four can be fitted with MSR lamp housing (joker bug and others) to create daylight balanced light source
88
dedolights
small, compact ficture that use two specially designed lenses more efficient than fresnel hard, adjustable beam withe en light across field punch for long throw DHL2 model adjustment- 40 deg full flood, 2/5 degree full spot 100w same output as 300w fresnel
89
DHL2 kit
``` three 100 or 150w fixtures 100w run on 12V 150w on 24v Power supplies can do 3,4,5 lights at a time High- 3300K max light output Medium- 3200K, medium output Low- 3000k, low light output Directly off 12v batt belt ```
90
Dedo 400 series
Larger versions, same technology Dhl436- 400w runs off power supply at 36v Low voltage allows small lamp Power supply can be switch to diff color temp- 3200K 3400K, 3600K
91
DLH 650
650w runs off the main power with no sep power supply
92
DLH400D
400w daylight dedo fixture
93
Dedocool
250w tungsten balanced, small areas but high output, for high shutter speed Very little heat Cooling fan for bulb, leave plugged in while it cools
94
Beam projectors(BP)
Lamp set in front of large parabolic glass mirror Mirror fills back of unit Fins/channels in concentric circes around bulb cut side spill Beam is straight, almost parallel column of light, similar to xenon but not as sharp Flood/spot widens/concentrates beam slightly (5-15 deg)-sliding lamp base relative to mirror Field of no slightly uneven- can see magnified image of lamp filament projected on wall
95
Chicken coops
Hangs on a chain | Six 1000w silver bowl globes(prevent direct light)
96
Spacelight
6 1k nook lights 1k, 2k, 6k, 12k versions Socapex input- individually dimmable
97
Super/maxi coop and space lights
Use par lamps instead of original | 4-5x brighter, more directional
98
Scoop lights and skypans
Exposed bulb mounted in a large reflector Scoops- 1 or 2k Skypans- 2k, 5k, 10k, 20k
99
Cyc strip
Row of open face lights, assymetric reflector, concentrates light where beam has longer throw to light vertical surface evenly
100
Cyc strips
1,2,3,4 short strip | 6,89,12 long strip- wired in groups
101
Ground row
Cyc strip on the floor
102
Border lights
Strips of par lights- better throw, more intense beam | Tall cycs
103
Desisti pinza/lowel K5
Screw socket Photo floods up to 500w Also r40
104
Mr16
``` Small par lamp 2in diameter MR-multifaceted reflector Can have a Dichroic reflector coating-pull heat out of back, making beam safe for artwork 8deg, 24 deg, 36 deg 20w-100w Color temps Lee filters accessories for MR16 lamps- gwl holders louveres barn doors, lenses ```
105
Bipin mr16
Diff pin spacing, many are 12v
106
Stickup kits
Small open face, taped or clipped 100w, 200w, 120v bayonet or 100w 12v(good for domelight Insulated with refracil

Local 52 Test (16 decks)

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