Turn Up The Heat Yearly

Question 1

What is a isotope

Answer 1

Atoms with the same amount of protons but a different amount of neutrons

Question 2

What are protons and neutrons held together by

Answer 2

Strong nuclear force

Question 3

What happens when there are two many neutrons in the nuecleus

Answer 3

The atom becomes unstable and radioactive and begins to decay until stable

Question 4

What is the rate that a atom decays at called

Answer 4

Half life

Question 5

Explain the process of half life

Answer 5

half of the radioactive material decays and the other part takes twice as long

Question 6

What isotope do they use in Radiocarbon dating

Answer 6

Carbon 14

Question 7

What is radio carbon dating

Answer 7

The process of determining how old an organic relic is

Question 8

How do they measure the age of something with radiocarbon dating

Answer 8

They scan for the amount of carbon 14 there is in a relic

Question 9

How is carbon-14 made

Answer 9

Produced in the earths atmosphere when cosmic rays strike nitrogen-14 atoms

Question 10

Why do they use carbon-14 in radio carbon dating living relics

Answer 10

All living things absorb carbon-14

Question 11

How do you date a rock

Answer 11

By analysing the decay of uranium in zircon which is commonly found in rocks

Question 12

The three main types of radiation

Answer 12

• Alpha
• Beta
• Gamma

Question 13

What happens during the decaying process

Answer 13

The substance releases energy in the form of nuclear energy

Question 14

What is background radiation

Answer 14

A low level of radiation that surrounds us

Question 15

Where does background radiation come from

Answer 15

• Cosmic radiation from the sun
• Decay of isotopes in the earths crust
• Radiation from materials

Question 16

What is ionising rafiation

Answer 16

A type of radiation that pulls electrons from nearby atoms molecules and turns them into ions.

Question 17

What can long term low dose radiation exposure cause

Answer 17

• DNA damage

- Cancer and tumour growth

Question 18

What can short term high doses of radiation cause

Answer 18

• Burns
• Nausea
• Death
• Destruction of bone marrow and blood cells

Question 19

The affects of radiation on the human body depends on(7)

Answer 19

• Mass of the person
• Amount/period of exposure
• Type of radiation
• The radioactive material
• The rate that it is received
• Presences of shielding material
• Distance from radiation source

Question 20

Characteristics of an alpha particle(6)

Answer 20

• Shoots out helium nuclei
• Slowest type radiation
• Easily blocked
• Harmless outside of the body
• Dangerous if consumed
• Produced by heavier radioactive elements

Question 21

The Characteristics of beta particles(5)

Answer 21

• Fast moving electrons
• Smaller than alpha particles
• Travel at 99% of the speed of light
• Can penetrate human skin but not metal or wood
• Produced by lighter radioactive particles

Question 22

The characteristics of gamma rays(7)

Answer 22

• Electromagnetic waves
• Waves not particles
• No mass
• Travel at the speed of light
• Can go through everything
• Cause serious permanent damage to living tissue and DNA
• Produced when alpha and beta particles are made

Question 23

How to block gamma rays

Answer 23

Need to have a thick shield preferably concrete or lead

Question 24

What a some medical uses for radiation(2)

Answer 24

• Diagnosing diseases

- Radio therapy

Question 25

The process that it takes help diagnose disease with radiation(5)

Answer 25

- Radioisotopes are injected or drunks - Take a PET scan - Radioisotopes is absorbed by tumours of tissue cell - Gamma rays are emitted from radioisotopes - PET scan detects rays

Question 26

What does PET stand for

Answer 26

Position emission topography

Question 27

What is radiotherapy

Answer 27

The use of of radiation to kill cancer cells or prevent them from spreading

Question 28

Is radiotherapy safe to used on people

Answer 28

Yes as it the radiation can be targeted so that damage is minimalised

Question 29

What are the two types of of radiotherapy

Answer 29

- External | - Internal/brachy therapy

Question 30

Procedure of external radiotherapy (3)

Answer 30

- Radiation is directed at the cancer - Each beam strikes the tumour from different directions - Tumour is blasted with large amount of radiation

Question 31

Procedure of internal radio therapy(2)

Answer 31

- radioisotopes are placed inside the body near the site of the cancer - The radioisotopes destroy the cancer

Question 32

How does a smoke alarm work(3)

Answer 32

- Smoke particles go into the alarms ionisation chamber - latch on to the positive ions disrupting the current - Siren sounds

Question 33

How to irradiate food(2)

Answer 33

Food is exposed to ionising radiation | Kills pest bacteria and food vitamins

Question 34

Why would you irradiate food

Answer 34

To preserve it

Question 35

What is a nuclear reaction

Answer 35

It is when a nucleus of an atom interacts with another nucleus or a nucleus particle and creates a new atom and energy is released.

Question 36

What is nuclear fission

Answer 36

Nuclear fission is when atoms split to form smaller nuclei of smaller atoms which releases radiation heat which can be used for energy

Question 37

What is nuclear fusion

Answer 37

It is when two small nuclei combine to form larger nuclei which releases energy

Question 38

What things must be achieved for nuclear fusion to happen

Answer 38

It must be millions of degrees for fusion to occur

Question 39

How do nuclear power stations work(4)

Answer 39

- Uranium-235 is splits at the bottom of a body of water and energy is created - the energy creates steam - the steam is used to spin turbines which are connected to a electrical generator - the generator creates kinetic energy which turns into electrical energy

Question 40

Pros of using nuclear energy

Answer 40

Fuel is easy to access No greenhouse gases Efficient source of energy

Question 41

Cons of using nuclear energy

Answer 41

Costs Safety concerns (water and food chain contamination ) Radiation Nuclear waste management

Question 42

List some nuclear accidents

Answer 42

- Chernobyl 1986:power plant explosion | - Fukushima 2011:earthquake and tsunami destroy power plant