Turtles Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
What is a growth model
A
mathmatical representation of how a species grow as it ages
2
Q
why is a growth model difficult to build
A
hard to know the age of an animal
3
Q
Why is Faben’s growth model useful?
A
don’t need age - uses growth intervals
4
Q
What is a ‘bet hedging species’
A
type III that has lots of young that don’t survive but adults have long lifespan
5
Q
8 species of turtles in ON
A
blandings, Musk, painted, N. map, snapping, spotted, wood, spiny softshell
6
Q
how big is Lake Opinicon
A
9km
7
Q
what is special about the area
A
on the Frontenac Arch, UNESCO biosphere reserve
8
Q
Name the parts of the Carapace
A
Cervical scute
marginal scutes (12 in painted and map, 11 in musk)
vertebral scutes
costal scutes
9
Q
name the parts of the plastron
A
Gular
Humoral
pectoral
abdominal
femoral
anal
10
Q
What is the NA code
A
system to mark turtles (with a file)
11
Q
what are the two methods of tagging
A
PIT tags and notching
12
Q
What type of nets did we use
A
Fyke and dip
13
Q
What are the two conditions of the permit for catching turtles
A
have permit number on nets
submit report at end of season
14
Q
Where do you apply for the permit to catch turtles
A
MNRF
15
Q
What is COSEWIC
A
Committe on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
16
Q
What is SARA
A
Species at rick act, uses COSEWIC info to list under endangered species act
17
Q
If the species is of special concern that type of permit do you need
A
wildlife collection
18
Q
if the species is threatened or endanged what type of permit
A
sar
19
Q
Which species are special concern
A
Map, painte, musk, snapping
20
Q
What is the ACP
A
Animal Care Protocol
21
Q
What is the ACC
A
Animal care committee
22
Q
what is The CCAC
A
Canadian Council on Animal Care
23
Q
Put the committees in order of legistlation
A
COSEWIC –> CCAC –> AAC –> ACP –> Permit
24
Q
What do you need if the permit is for a protected area
A
special permit from that juristiction
25
what does PIT stand for
Passive Integrated Transponder
26
what do you mark down for map turtles that you don't for others
growth rings
27
what family are musk turtles in
Kinosternidae
28
what is the latin for musk turtle
sternotheris odoratus
29
why is radiotelemetry useful
find hibernation sites, migration routes, home range
behavioural ecology
30
what variables did we calculate for the assignment
a, k, b, S
31
What is an anapsid
a vertebrate with no post orbital holes in skull
32
what are the three hypotheses of the lineage of turtles in relation to other vertebrate
Genetic: most common ancester with crocs/birds
morph: mca with snakes/lizards
morph: mca equally with snakes/lizards and crocs/bird
33
what are the two major lineages of turtles
cryptodira
pleurodira
34
what is it difficult to tell turtle lineage from fossils
they have been unchanged for 210my
35
what characteristics do the 'turtle grandfather' and 'toothed turtle'
flattend ribs, pre-plastron
36
how many species of modern turtles are there
350
37
how many families of modern turtles
14
38
What is the latin for Map turtle
Graptemys geographica
39
what family are the map, painted, spotted, blandings and wood turtles
emydidae
40
what type of turtle is the map turtle
river
41
what turtle has the biggest range in NA
painted
42
what is the largest turtle in ON
snapping
43
what turtle has the biggest sexual dimorphism
map
44
what is the asymptotic size of male map turtles
130mm
45
what is the asymptotic size of female map turtles
250mm
46
how would you sex two map turtles of the same carapace length
female has wider head and neck, rounder, less keeled
47
what diet does a sexually mature female map turtle have
mollusks (crush the shells)
48
what do male map turtles eat
small mollusks and caddisfly larvae
49
how many bones in the turtle skeleton are fused
50
50
what is the plastron formed from
remnants from the clavical
51
what is inside the turtle ribcage
pelvic and shoulder girdles
52
what are scutes made of
keratin
53
do turtles have teeth
no, they have a beak
54
What months do turtles in ON grow
May-Oct
55
Do larger turtles lay more eggs
no, they lay bigger eggs
56
What trait are male map turtles attracted to
size
57
apart from size, what do male map turtles use to decide if they want to mate with a female
public information
58
what is different about turtle jaw muscle attachment compared to other vertebrates
the muscles are parallel and they use a pully system - Pteryoid Process
59
what stops the skull muscles from joining to the jaw at 90 degrees
the enlarged ear cavity - Otic chamber
60
compared to other reptiles, what is the bite force of turtles
strong
61
what restricts lung breathing in turtles
the shell
62
what do turtles do to exhale
move leg muscles to push gut into lungs
63
what do turtles do to inhale
move leg muscles to pull gut away from lungs
64
how do turtles control bouyancy
by filling/emptying the cloacal bursae
65
what is the cloacal bursae used for
controlling bouyancy and wetting the ground for digging nests
66
how do turtles stay stable while walking
wide shell
67
why are turtles so slow
cant use undulation like other vertebrates, can only move pectoral girlde to increase stride length but can't bend sideways
68
how many chambers does a turtle heart have
three - right to left shunt
69
what can turtles do with their blood that we cant
control thermal regulation
resend the de-oxygenated blood back to the body, bypassing the lungs - cutaneous respiration and for when lungs collapsed due to prolonged submergance
70
how do turtles control their temperature
basking, controlling flow of deoxygenated blood
71
do turtles breath through their butts
not really but some have papillae in their cloaca where they can absore more oxygen (not any species here - side neck turtles)
72
what can turtles do as parental care
choose the nest site
73
what impacts does the nest site have on the phenotype of baby turtles
temperture sex determination
74
what are the three types of TSD
1A: warm = female
1B: cool = female
2: very cool and very warm = female
75
which turtle doesnt have TSD
wood turtle - has sex determining chromosomes
76
what is likely in hatchings if the nest temperature fluctuates a lot
deformities
77
how many eggs does a snapping turtle lay
~40
78
how many eggs does a map turtle lay
~10
79
how many eggs does a musk turtle lay
~4
80
when do turtles lay eggs
late may/early june and second clutch in july
81
how long do turtle eggs incubate
8 weeks
82
which turtle hatchings may have delayed emergence
painted and map
83
what is dissociated mating
mating happens at different time to fertilization
84
when do male turtles produce sperm
late summer
85
how many fathers sire a typical clutch of eggs
2-3
86
where do male turtles store sperm
epididymous
87
where do female turtles store sperm
spermatica
88
if male turtles are larger than females of the species, what usually occurs
male combat
89
what do male painted turtles have that females dont
tomiodents
long claws
sharp scutes on the top of carapace
90
what hypothesis may explain why female turtles like it rough
sexy son hypothesis
91
what is r
the intrinsic rate of population growth
92
what percentage of nest survival is required to keep a stable population
20%
93
what percentage of adult survival is required to keep a stable population
80%
94
what do map turtles need to survive winter
oxygenated water
95
how long can painted turtles survive in hypoxic water
170-200 days
96
how much bigger than mature male is a mature painted female
20%
97
which sex has a more domes shaped shell in painted turtles
female
98
what ultimately kills a turtle that runs out of oxygen
acidosis
99
do snapping turtle hatchlings overwinter in the nest
no
100
are hatchlings more likely to overwinter in the nest if they are northern or southern
southern
101
how do baby turtles survive the winter
supercooling
102
what mechanisms to baby turtles have for supercooling
increase concentration of urea (lowers freezing)
purce ice nucleating agents
protect skin from freezing with layer of lipids
103
what do lipids on the skin do
stop ice from touching skin
104
what do ice crystals do to a cell
dehyrate
also pierce organelles and membranes
105
where do the map turtles in lake Opinicon aggregate in winter
8-acres island
106
how long can stink pots survive without oxygen
~20 days
107
how do painted turtles deal with freezing
- lower metabolism by 90%
- channel arrest mechanism
- slow DNA replication
- use CaCO3 as a buffer in blood
- sequester lactate in the shell
108
why do map turtles need to stay "active" in winter
to move O2 accross skin for cutaneous respiration
109
what theory may explain why map turtles aggregate
selfish herd
110
which growth function did we use in assignement 1
Von Bertilanffy
111
do most map turtle nest emerge in fall or spring
spring
