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Tuscany Flashcards

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1
Q

What coast of Italy is Tuscany on?

A

Tyrrhenian Coast

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2
Q

What is the name for the straw covered, squat bottles in Tuscany?

A

Fiasco -

historically used because of the inferior quality of Italian glass

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3
Q

How many DOCGs in Tuscany?

A

11

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG	 
Carmignano DOCG	 
Chianti DOCG	Rosso 
Chianti Classico DOCG	
Elba Aleatico Passito (Aleatico Passito dell'Elba) DOCG	
Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG	
Morellino di Scansano DOCG	
Rosso della Val di Cornia (Val di Cornia Rosso) DOCG
Suvereto DOCG
Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG
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4
Q

What is the climate of Tuscany

A

dry - maritime influenced

wide variation in mesoclimates throughout

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5
Q

What type of cask was traditionally used for Sangiovese?

A

large European (often Slavonian)

but now often new barrique used

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6
Q

What is Italy’s most planted red varietal?

A

Sangiovese

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7
Q

What 7 DOCGs had Sangio as the principle red grape?

A 
Chianti
Chianti Classico
Carmignano
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano
Morellino di Scansano
Montecucco Sangiovese

Brunello di Montalcino (100%)

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8
Q

Name two native tuscan and two international grapes often found in Tuscan wine production

A

Colorino, Canaiolo Nero

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot

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9
Q

What is the most planted white grape of Italy? What is it often blended with?

A

Trebbiano Toscano

Often blended with malvasia

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10
Q

Beyond Trebbiano and Malvasia what are two other white grapes from Tuscany?

A

Vernaccia

Vermentino

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11
Q

What % of wine in Tuscany is red?

A

85%

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12
Q

What grape is showing great promise in coastal Maremma?

A

Vermentino

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13
Q

When was Chianti elevated to DOCG? When was it originally established?

A

1984

limits of the modern Chianti zone were established in 1932

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14
Q

Eight (7 + 1) subzones of Chianti

A 
Classico
Rùfina
Colli Aretini 
Colli Fiorentini
Colli Senesi
Colline Pisane
Montalbano

Montespertoli, was added in 1997

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15
Q

When was Mentespertoli added as a subzone of Chianti?

A

1997

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16
Q

What is noted as the most consistent quality subzone of chianti? (other than classico)

A

Rùfina

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17
Q

What firm dominates the Rùfina subzone?

A

Frescobaldi

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18
Q

Who are the only two producers in the tiny Pomino DOC within Rùfina?

A

Frescobaldi

Fattoria Selvapiana

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19
Q

Who is credited with defining the classic blend of Chianti?

A

Baron Bettino Ricasoli

1872

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20
Q

When was the Chianti formula updated and what does it consist of now?

A

Updated in 1996:
Chianti:
70-100% Sangiovese
Maximum 30% combined other grapes authorized for Toscana
Maximum 10% white grapes
Maximum 15% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc

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21
Q

How does the Chianti Formula differ in the Colli Senesi subzone?

A

Chianti Colli Senesi:
75% min Sangiovese instead of 70
Maximum 25% combined other red grapes authorized for Toscana instead of 30
Maximum 10% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc instead of 15

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22
Q

What is governo? Is it often used by quality minded producers?

A

refermentation with the juice of dried grapes, to strengthen the wine and initiate malolactic fermentation

must be indicated on labels as Governo all’uso Toscano

not used often with quality minded producers

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23
Q

When may Chianti normale be released?

A

March 1 year after harvest

Montespertoli - June 1
Colli Fiorentini and Rufina - September 1

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24
Q

What is required for Chianti riserva and superiore?

A

riserva - 2 years of aging

superiore - an addition .5% alcohol

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25
When was Chianti Classico decreed DOCG
1984 (same as Chianti)
26
What communes of Chianti Classico may append "in Chianti" to their name
Castellina Gaiole Greve Radda original 4 villages
27
What are the two common soils of Chianti Classico?
Galestro - soft marl | Alberese - sandstone
28
What soil does Sangiovese thrive on?
Galestro soft marl
29
What is the blend in Chianti classico?
- 80-100% Sangiovese - Maximum 20% Colorino, Canaiolo Nero, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot - *As of the 2006 vintage, Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia Bianco are no longer allowed
30
``` Min alcohol for : Chianti DOCG Chianti Classico Chianti Classico riserva Gran Selezione ```
Chianti DOCG - 11.5% Chianti Classico - 12% Chianti Classico riserva - 12.5% Gran Selezione - 13%
31
When can Chianti Classico be released? What about riserva?
October 1st year after harvest | Riserva - aged 24 months with 3 in bottle
32
What is Gran Selezione?
New category introduced in 2013 - must be aged at least 30 months with 3 in bottle - 13% min abv
33
Who is credited with the creation of the Brunello style? | When?
- Clemente Santi of Tenuta Greppo's Biondi Sandi | - isolated Brunello clone and bottled it alone in 1865
34
What are the grapes of Brunello di Montalcino?
100% Sangiovese Grosso (Brunello)
35
What are the aging reqs of Brunello di Montalcino?
- min 2 years in cask, 4 months in (six months for riserva) - released January 1st of the fifth year following harvest - (sixth year for riserva bottlings)
36
What are the soils like in Montalcino?
Galestro in higher altitude Clay in warmer southern reaches fossilized marine deposits scattered throughout
37
What are frazioni?
Suburbs or sub-communes
38
Two modern producers of Brunello focusing on small barrels and shorter macerations
Casanova di Neri | Mastrojanni
39
Three traditional producers of Brunello
Biondi-Santi Talenti Soldera
40
What is Rosso di Montalcino DOC
"junior" Brunello - 100% Sangiovese - aged 1 yr before release, cask aging not required
41
What is common in the Sant'Antimo DOC?
outlet for "super tuscan" wines est 1996 -any grape authorized for Tuscany may be used, can be red or white
42
What is Moscadello di Montalcino DOC known for
white wines from Moscadello (Moscato Bianco) | -often sweet, can be still or sparkling
43
Where is Montepulciano in relation to Montalcino?
To the East
44
When did Vino Nobile di Montepulciano achieve DOCG status?
1980 - one of first in Italy
45
Grapes of Vino Nobile?
- 70% Sangiovese (prugnolo gentile) | - max 30% other Tuscan varieties with no more than 5% white (as of 2010)
46
Aging for Vino Nobile and riserva?
2 years with 1 in wood | riserva is 3 years
47
Main grape of Morellino di Scansano DOCG?
85% Sangiovese
48
Make up of Carmignano DOCG?
50% Sangiovese min. | requires min 10% cab sauv/franc
49
What is unique about Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG?
Max. 60% combined Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon | subzone Suvereto also got DOCG in 2011
50
OG Winemaker/owner of Tenuta San Guido credited with first Super Tuscan
Marquis Mario Rocchetta
51
1st vintage of Sassicaia? Producer? Blend?
1968 Tenuta San Guido 85% Cab Sauv, 15% Cab Franc
52
1st vintage of Tignanello? Producer? Blend?
1971 Antinori 75-85% Sangiovese, Cab Sauv & Cab Franc
53
1st vintage of Cepparello? Producer? Blend?
1980 Isole e Olena 100% Sangio
54
1st vintage of Paleo Rosso? Producer? Blend?
1989 Le Macchiole 100% Cab Franc
55
1st vintage of Le Pergole Torte? Producer? Blend?
1977 Montevertine 100% sangio
56
1st vintage of Ornellaia? Producer? Blend?
1985 Tenuta dell'Ornellaia Cab Sauv, Merlot, Cab Franc, Petit Verdot
57
1st vintage of Masseto? Producer? Blend?
1986 Tenuta dell'Ornellaia 100% Merlot
58
1st vintage of Vigorello? Producer? Blend?
1968 San Felice 100% Sangio when first released, now Cab. S, Merlot, Petit Verdot
59
When was IGT category created? What was a primary motivator for this?
1992 dissatisfaction with regimented DOC laws led to many producers releasing top bottles as vino da tavola
60
When did Bolgheri receive DOC for red wines?
1994 | -varietal BDX varietals or bdx blends, can have syrah and sangio
61
What is the leading grape for white Bolgheri wines?
Vermentino, but can also produce varietal Sauv B
62
When did Bolgheri Sassicaia earn DOC?
2013! **only true monopole DOC in Italy!
63
What is the only true monopole DOC in Italy?
Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC
64
What is the DOCG of Elba? What is the Island known for?
Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG (Sweet red passito wines from Aleatico) Napolean's exile site in 1814
65
What grape has Aleatico been genetically linked to?
Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains | -red skinned mutation
66
What is the only white wine DOCG in Tuscany?
Vernaccia di San Gimignano | -in Siena Province
67
Is Vin Santo DOCG?
NO
68
Grapes for Vin Santo?
Trebbiano, Malvasia sometimes Grechetto Sangiovese in Occhio di Pernice
69
What is Occhio di Pernice?
Eye of the partridge Vin santo rose with min. 50% sangio
70
Process of Vin Santo
- grapes hung/raisinated until December 1 (varies) - slow fermentation and aging in caratelli (3-8 years) - barrels never topped—alcohol concentrated through evaporation and wine gains amber hue - dry or sweet, may be fortified
71
What is the name and size of barrel for Vin Santo? What type of wood is traditionally used?
``` Caratelli barrels (50-225L) Traditionally Chestnut wood ```

Italy - SD (8 decks)

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