Tuscany (Toscana) Flashcards
(395 cards)
1
Q
fiasco
A
Historically, due to the inferior quality of Italian glass, Chianti was sold in squat, straw-covered bottles (fiascos) that came to epitomize the rustic, cheap nature of Italian wine in the late 1960’s, 70’s, and 80’s
3
Q
Year legislation first delimited the Chianti zone
A
1716
4
Q
Tuscany
Number of hl produced annually
A
3 million hl
- Forefront of quality and large-scale comm winemaking in Italy
5
Q
Tuscany
% of wine at DOC/DOCG level
A
45%
6
Q
Tuscany
Climate
A
dry, maritime-influenced
- Can be harsh winters, long hot summers
- Wide variation in mesoclimates
- Montalcino - S province Siena, more arid
- Montepulciano - further inland, more seasonal, continental
7
Q
Italy’s most planted red varietal
A
Sangiovese
8
Q
Sangiovese clone of Montepulciano
A
Prugnolo Gentile
9
Q
Italy’s most planted white grape
A
Trebbiano Toscano
10
Q
Tuscany
Regions for Vernaccia
A
San Gimignano
11
Q
Tuscany
% of vineyards devoted to red wines
A
70%
12
Q
Year Chianti was elevated to DOCG status
A
1984
13
Q
Chianti
7 original subzones
8th subzone
A
- Classico
- Rufina
- Colli Fiorentini
- Colli Senesi
- Colline Pisane
- Colli Aretini
- Montalbano
- 8th subzone, Montespertoli, 1997 decree
14
Q
Chianti
Year boundaries of the modern zone were established
A
1932
16
Q
Chianti
Major firm of Rufina subzone
A
Frescobaldi
- Rufina, exception of Classico, most consistent subzone in quality
- Frescobaldi, Fattoria Selvapiana - only producer of tiny Pomino DOC w/in Rufina
- Red and white w/ higher % international grapes than Chianti DOCG
- Range of varietal bottlings
17
Q
governo
A
refermentation with juice of dried grapes
- Strengthen wine, initiate malolactic fermentation
- Traditional practice, legally permitted Chianti DOCG, most quality-minded avoid it
18
Q
governo
label indicaton
A
‘Governo all’uso Toscano’
19
Q
Chianti Normale
Aging requirements
A
March 1 year following harvest
- Florentine subzones Rufina, Montespertoli, Colli Fiorentini require additional aging
20
Q
Chianti riserva
Aging requirement
A
2 years
21
Q
Chianti Superiore
A
- Extra 1/2 degree alcohol
- Lowered yields
22
Q
Chianti DOCG
min % Sangiovese
A
70%
- June 2009 DOCG regulations
- Colli Senesi subzone - min 75%
23
Q
Chianti Classico DOCG
min alcohol %
A
12%
- vs 11.5% Chianti DOCG
24
Q
Chianti Classico DOCG
Aging requirement
A
1 year
25
Q
Chianti Classico DOCG Riserva
Aging requirement
A
24 months
26
Q
Chianti Classico DOCG Riserva
Min alcohol %
A
12.5%
vs
- Chianti Classico: 12%
- Gran Selezione: 13%
27
'Gran Selezione'
Year category was introduced for Chianti Classico
Aging requirements
'Gran Selezione'
* **2013**
* **Aged 30 mon**
28
First to release Brunello
**Clemente Santi** of **Tenuta Greppo's Biondi-Santi**
* First to isolate Brunello clone and bottle it alone in _1865_
29
Year Biondi-Santi first released Brunello *Riserva*
**1888**
30
Brunello di Montalcino
Aging requirements
* **normale: 2 yrs cask, 4 mon bottle Jan 1st 5th yr**
* **riserva : 2 yrs cask, 6 mon bottle Jan 1st 6th yr**
31
**Rosso di Montalcino DOC**
Aging requirements
**Rosso di Montalcino DOC**
* wines may not be released until Sept 1st of the year following harvest
* 100% Sangiovese
32
Montalcino
DOC for "Super-Tuscan" wines
Year Est
**Sant'Antimo DOC**
* **Est 1996**
* Any grape authorized in Tuscany may be used for Sant'Antimo DOC
* Red or White
33
Montalcino
DOC for white wines
**Moscadello di Montalcino DOC**
* Moscadello (Moscato Bianco) grape
* Often sweet, may be still or sparkling
34
Vintage of Antinori's 'Tignanello' 1st release
**1971**
35
Montalcino
Soil in higher altitude vineyards
***galestro*** - marl and limestone
* In many of the best vineyard sites of Tuscany
36
Antinori's Cabernet-based "Super Tuscan"
**Solaia**
38
Vin Santo
Barrels used for aging
**caratelli barrels**
## Footnote
(small wooden barrels, 50 liters)
39
Vintage for Marquis Mario Rochetta's Tenuta San Guido first release of 'Sassicaia'
**1968**
* Sassicaia, barrique-aged Cabernet blend from Bolgheri in Northern Maremma
40
Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC
Year established
Beginning with the **1994** vintage
41
Trebbiano Toscano
a.k.a.
**Ugni Blanc**
42
Trebbiano di Soave
a.k.a.
**Verdicchio Bianco**
43
Why is Brunello production in Torrenieri controversial?
* **The heavy clay soils are considered unsuitable for quality production**
* **Originally included only because it falls with the Montalcino municipality**
* **Called the Crete Senesi, until the 1990's nothing was planted there**
* **Similar soils in the chianti classico zone have been excluded from the DOCG boundaries**
44
Montosoli
* **A hill of 280-350M north of the town of Montalcino, which is spared the autumnal fog of lower altitudes**
* **Generally produces wines with the power and concentration of vineyards in the southern part of the appellation**
45
Montalcino
Highest elevation point for vineyards
**500 m**
## Footnote
(total elevation 667M)
46
Montalcino
Main type of vine training
* **Spurred single cordon, to increase competition between vines and encourage smaller bunches with thicker skins**
* **Previously (1970's/80's) Guyot was popular, but created too much production/vigor and diluted the wines**
47
"Brunellogate"
Main firms involved
* **Scandal involving the seizure of many bottles of Brunello by the Italian government under the allegations that other grapes were being blended into the wine**
* **Wines seized were the 2003 vintage, in 2008**
* **Antinori, Argiano, Banfi, Frescobaldi**
48
Major producer responsible for pushing Brunello onto the world stage in the 1970's
**John and Harry** (pictured) **Mariani, founders of Villa Banfi** (Lambrusco)
* **Landed in Brunello in 1978**
49
Rosso di Montalcino DOC
Grape and aging requirements
* **100% Sangiovese**
* **1 year aging**
50
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
3 Rivers that delimit the region
**3 Rivers:**
* **Ombrone** (N)
* **Asso** (E)
* **Orcia** (S)
51
What was revolutionary about the creation of the Rosso di Montalcino DOC?
* **1st instance of two controlled appellations applying to the same vineyards (Brunello and Rosso), paving the way for Rosso di Valtellina, etc.**
* **Vineyards must be registered with the consorzio; you may declassify your brunello to rosso, but not vice versa**
* **DOC was established in 1983**
52
Who is widely consider the father of Supertuscan wines? What three iconic wines did he first vinify?
The famed oenologist Giacomo Tachis.
Sassicaia, Solaia, Tignanello
53
Who is responsible for creating Ornellaia and Masseto?
Lodovico Antinori, brother of Piero
54
Who is credited with the creation of Brunello? When was it first produced?
Biondi-Santi, 1865
55
What was the first vintage of Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?
1888 by Biondi-Santi, Ferrucio Biondi-Santi
56
What was bizarre about the creation of the Bolgheri DOC when it was initially established?
DOC was first created in 1983 for rose and white wine, despite Sassicaia's fame. It was ammended in 1994 to include red and the subzone Sassicaia was added.
57
What are the top 3 producers of **Bolgheri DOC**?
**Sassicaia
Ornellaia
Grattamacco**
58
What 3 varietals may be varietally produced in **Bolgheri DOC**? What's the max % Sangiovese permitted?
**Cab, Cab Franc, Merlot** can be produced varietally. **Max 50% Sangiovese** permitted.
59
What **Tuscan DOC** was added in 1996 for the production of wines from International varieties
**Sant'Antimo DOC, located in Siena**
60
How does the climate of Montalcino compare to the zones of Chianti production?
Warmer and drier than Chianti
61
What's the dominant soil type of Northern Brunello? Southern?
Northern: more galestro, higher elevations, wines are said to be lighter and more aromatic
Southern: more clay in the soil, lower elevations, wine are more full in style
62
What are the aging requirements for **Brunello di Montalcino Normale? Riserva**?
Normale: **min 5 years, 2 years in wood plus 4 months in bottle**. Not released until 1/1 of the 5th year following harvest.
Riserva: **min 6 years, 2 years in wood plus 6 months in bottle** Not released until 1/1 of the 6th year following harvest.
63
What is the only Tuscan DOCG that requires **Cabernet Sauvignon** in it's blend? What's the min %?
**Carmignano DOCG**
Requires 10-20% Cab Franc/Cabernet Sauvignon combined with a min 50% Sangiovese.
64
Cappezzana's Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings orginally came from what famous estate? (Carmignano DOCG)
Chateau Lafite
65
What is the **young vines DOC for Carmignano DOCG**?
**Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC**
66
Who makes Cincinnato and what is the grape?
Tenuta di Trinoro, Cesanese d'Affile
67
What are the 7 subzones of Chianti DOCG?
Colli Fiorentini
Rufina
Montalbano
Colli Senesi
Colline Pisane
Colli Aretini
Montespertoli
68
In what Chianti subzone is Selvapiana located?
Rufina
69
In what **Chianti subzone is Pacina** located?
**Colli Senesi**
70
What is the min % Sangiovese for Chianti DOCG? for Chianti Classico DOCG?
Chianti DOCG: min 70% (75% for Colli Senesi)
Chianti Classico DOCG: min 80% (Gran Selezione 90%)
71
As of what vintage are white grapes no-longer allowed in Chianti Classico DOCG?
2006
72
What are the aging requirements for Chianti Classico DOCG Normale? Riserva? Gran Selezione?
Normale: may not be released until Oct 1 of the year following harvest
Riserva: min 24 months from Jan 1 of the year following harvest including 3 months in bottle
Gran Selezione: produced from estate fruit, min 30 months from Jan 1 of the year following harvest with at least 3 months in bottle.
73
What are the soil types of **Chianti Classico DOCG** region?
**Alberese (Sandstone)
Galestro (Soft Marl)**
Clay, schist, and sand
74
What is the min % abv for Chianti Classico, Normale, Riserva, and Gran Selezione?
Normale: 12%
Riserva: 12.5%
Gran Selezione: 13%
75
Which subzone of **Chianti DOCG receives the longest time in wood** and bottle prior to release? What are these aging requirements?
**Colli Senesi**
2 years min, min 8 months in wood, 4 months in bottle
76
What 4 communes make up the original Chianti Classico zone?
Radda
Gaiole
Castellina
Greve
77
What two white grapes were traditionally part of the **Chianti blend**?
**Malvazia and Trebbiano**
78
Which producer is credited with the **Chianti recipe** of mostly Sangiovese?
Bettino Ricasoli
79
In what year was **Gran Selezione** introduced for Chianti Classico DOCG? First release?
2014
2010's were the first to carry this designation but wineries are permitted to submit documentation for retroactive designations
80
In what Chianti subzone is the **Pomino DOC** located? What was the reason for its creation? Main producer?
**Rufina**
**Created primarily for the production of international varietals**, Sauv Blanc, Chard, Pinot Noir, Merlot, though Vin Santo is produced here as a red from min 50% Sangiovese.
Frescobaldi owns most land here.
81
What Chianti DOCG is said to be of similar quality to Chianti Classico DOCG in regards to quality?
What's the reasoning?
Rufina
Due to similar soils (Albarese and Galestro) combined with limestone and higher elevations with SW exposure.
82
What are the 3 top "Cantina Sociale" in Tuscany?
Cantine di Montalcino
Cantina di Scansano
Cantine Leonardo da Vinci
83
What is the volume of the traditional Caratelli barrel?
50L
84
What is **”madre"** and what style of wine is it more associated with?
"Madre" is essentially a starter culture for the fermentation of **Vin Santo**. It consists of sediment collected from barrels of the previous vintage that is added to the must to kickstart fermentation. It typically makes up 5-10% of the must by volume.
85
What is a vinsantaia?
A vinsantaia is an attic where grapes can be hung and dried, and where Vin Santo is aged (exposed to temperature changes with seasonality)
86
What can be said of Vin Santo that is aged in traditional chestnut barrels vs. oak?
Chestnut is more porous and thus more oxidation occurs during aging, giving the wine a more pronounced oxidative character. Chestnut also imparts more tannin than oak.
87
Which DOC for Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice **requires the highest min % of Sangiovese**?
**Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC**
Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice
**min 80% Sangiovese**
max 20% other red or white grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana
88
What is Occhio di Pernice?
Rose style of Vin Santo requiring a min 50% Sangiovese and more for some DOCs.
89
What is the difference between **Vin Santo, Vino Santo, and Vinsanto**?
**Vin Santo**: dried grape wine from Malvazia, Trebbiano, and/or Sangiovese mostly from Tuscany, but also Offida and Marche. Typically aged in Caratelli barrels and is not topped off giving it an oxidative character.
**Vino Santo**: dried grape specialy of Trentino DOC made from Nosiola grapes. This is topped up and typically not oxidative in character.
**Vinsanto**: dried grape specialty of Santorini, must be made with a min 51% Assyrtiko, plus Aidani and Athiri that is aged for 2 years in wood.
90
Who owns the Ornellaia estate today?
Frescobaldi
91
What are the names of **Gaja's estates in Montalcino and Bolgheri**?
* **Pieve di Santa Restituta (Montalcino, also Sugarille bottling)**
* **Ca' Marcanda (Bolgheri)**
92
Name the **friable marl-like soil** that characterized many of the best vineyard sites in the **Chianti Classico zone**?
**Galestro**
Galestro is also a Trebbiano-based white wine produced in Tuscany designed to soak up the surplus of white grapes resulting in producers using less and less in their Chianti wines.
93
What is "Rigoverno"?
The practice of initiating a third fermentation in the spring of a wine's development, but doing a second round of Governo.
94
What appellation uses the quality designation "Gran Selezione" and what are the requirements for this designation?
Chianti Classico DOCG
min 13% ABV
must be produced from Estate fruit
min 30 months aging from Jan 1 of the year following harvest, including at least 3 months in bottle
95
Who produces Pietradonice? What's the grape?
Casanova di Neri
100% Cabernet Sauvignon
96
What is the local clone of Sangiovese called in Montepulciano?
Prugnolo Gentile
97
In 2024, what is the current release of Brunello di Montalcino Riserva?
2018
98
"La Serra Nuova" is made by what producer?
Tenuta delle Ornellaia
99
What 3 grapes historically made up the blend of Chianti developed by Barone Ricasoli in the 1800's?
70% Sangiovese
15% Canaiolo
15% Malvazia Bianco
100
Who makes **Sassicaia** and what is it's second wine?
**Tenuta San Guido
Guidalberto (60/40 Cabernet Merlot)**
101
Tuscany is located in which coast of Italy?
The Tyrrhenian Coast
102
Who bottled the first Supertuscan and when?
**Marquis Mario Rocchetta (Tenuta San Guido)** released the first commercial vintage of Sassicaia in 1968.
103
What % of Tuscan vineyards are devoted to red wine?
70%
104
When was Chianti first delimited? When was it elevated to DOCG?
1932
Elevated in 1984
105
Which subzone was added to the original seven in 1997?
Montespertoli Chianti
106
What and where is **Pomino DOC**?
**Within Rufina Chianti**, authorizes both reds and whites.
Reds: **min 50% Sangiovese** plus Pinot Nero and Merlot, varietal bottlings are permitted (at 85%)
107
What is the varietal makeup of **Chianti DOCG**?
**70-100% Sangiovese**
max 30% other grapes authorized for Toscana
max 10% white grapes
max 15% Cab Sauv/Cab Franc
108
What is the varietal makeup of **Chianti Colli Senesi (Chianti subzone)**?
**75-100% Sangiovese**
max 25% combined other grapes authorized for Toscana
max 10% white grapes
max 10% combined Cab Sauv/Cab Franc
109
What is the min % Sangiovese for wines from **Colli Senesi**?
75%
110
What does Governo all'uso Toscano indicate?
A traditional practice, which is refermenting with the juice of dried grapes to strengthen the wine and initiate malolactic fermentation (similar to ripasso)
111
When may **Chianti Normale** be released?
**March 1st** following harvest.
112
How long does Chianti Riserva age for?
2 years
113
What does **Chianti Superiore** indicate?
Plus 0.5% min ABV, may not be released until Sept 1st following harvest
114
Which Chianti subzones require longer aging?
* **Montesperoli (June 1st)**
* **Colli Fiorentini/Rufina (Sept 1st)**
115
What are the varietal requirements for **Chianti Classico DOCG**?
**80-100% Sangiovese**
max 20% other red grapes authorized by Siena and Firenze (including Colorino, Canaiolo Nero, Cab Sauv, Merlot)
* As of 2006 vintage, Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia Bianco are not permitted
116
What are the varietal requirements for **Chianti Classico Gran Selezione**?
**min 90% Sangiovese**
max 10% other red grapes traditional to the region
117
What are the requirements for **Chianti Classico Riserva**?
2 years of aging
12.5% min ABV
118
What does **Gran Selezione** indicate? When was it introduced?
Produced from estate fruit
**30 months of aging from Jan 1st following harvest with at least 3 months in bottle**
Introduced in 2013
119
Which **Chianti subzone overlaps Montalcino**?
**Colli Senesi**
120
Aging requirements for **Brunello di Montalcino DOCG? for Riserva**?
**Normale**: 2 years in cask, 4 months in bottle, released after Jan 1st five years after harvest
**Riserva**: 2 years in cask, 6 months in bottle, released after Jan 1st six years after harvest.
121
What is the soil makeup of **Montalcino**?
**Galestro** in the higher altitude vineyards, clay to the south, scattered marine fossil deposits
122
What are the fraziones (sub-communes) of **Montalcino**?
**Montalcino**: central, high elevation (300-400m) cooler
**Sant Angelo in Colle**: south-central, high elevation (444m) calcareous soils.
**Castelnuovo Abbate**: southeast, protected from hot medit. wine by mountain range, calcareous marl with shale
**Torrenieri**: northeast, high elevation, heavy clay
123
What producers is **Sant'Angelo** home to?
Banfi, Il Poggione, Argiano, Col d'Orcia
124
Why is Brunello production in Torrenieri controversial?
The heavy clay soils are considered unsuitable for quality production, it was only included because it falls within the Montalcino municipality. Called Crete Senesi, nothing was planted there until the 1990s.
125
What is **Montosoli**?
A hill of 280-350m north of the town of Montalcino which is spared the autumnal fog of lower altitudes. Generally produces wines of power and concentration.
126
What delimits the **Brunello di Montalcino DOCG zone**?
3 rivers: Ombrone, Asso, Orcia
127
Major vine-training in Montalcino?
Spurred single cordon to increase competition between vines and encourage smaller bunches
128
What and when was Brunellogate? Who were the main firms involved?
A scandal involving the seizure of many bottles of Brunello under allegations that other grapes were being blended into the wines. The 2003 vintage was seized in 2008.
Antinori, Argiano, Banfi, Frescobaldi
129
Varietal makeup and aging requirements for **Rosso di Montalcino DOC**?
100% Sangiovese, 1 year aging
130
What was revolutionary about the creation of the Rosso di Montalcino DOC?
First instance of two controlled appellations applying to the same vineyards (Brunello and Rosso) paving the way for Rosso di Valtellina.
131
When was Rosso di Montalcino DOC established?
1983
132
What is **Moscadello di Montalcino DOC**?
A DOC for white wines of **Moscadello (Moscato Bianco); Tranquillo, Frizzante, VT**
133
What are the varietal requirements for **Vino Nobile di Montepulciano**?
**min 70% Sangiovese (Prugnolo Gentile)**
30% red and white grapes authorized
max 5% non-aromatic white grapes/malvasia bianca lunga
134
What are the aging requirements for **Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG Normale? Riserva?**
**Normale**: two years (1 in wood)
**Riserva**: three year (at least 6 months in bottle)
135
Where is the **Morellino di Scansano DOCG**? Varietal and aging?
In southern Maremma
**min 85% Sangiovese**
2 years in barrel for Riserva
136
What is the varietal makeup up **Carmignano DOCG**?
**min 50% Sangiovese
10-20% Cab Sauv/Franc**
137
What Chianti subzone overlaps with **Carmignano DOCG**?
**Montalbano Chianti**
138
What three Tuscan DOCG's were elevated in 2011?
Suvereto DOCG
Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG
Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG
139
What's unusual abut **Suvereto and Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG's**?
High proportions of Bordeaux varietals (Cab Sauv, Merlot), varietal wines permitted in Suvereto
**Suvereto DOCG**: Cab and Merlot plus 15% other
**Val di Cornia DOCG**: min 85% for varietal Cab, Ansonica, Merlot, Sangiovese, Ciliegiolo
140
Name 3 Sangiovese-dominant Supertuscans:
Le Pergole Torte (Montevertine)
Testamatta (Bibi Graetz)
Cepparello (Isole e Olena)
I Sodi di San Niccolo (Castellare di Castellina)
Fontalloro (Felsina)
Flaccianello (Fontodi)
Il Carbonaione (Poggio Scalette)
Percarlo (San Giusto a Retnennano)
Anfiteatro (Vecchie Terre di Montefili)
141
Where is **Bolgheri**? What is the style of wine?
0-100% Cab Sauv
0-100% Merlot
0-100% Cab Franc
max 50% Syrah
max 50% Sangiovese
max 30% other red grapes suitable
142
**Bianco Bolgheri** varietal requirements?
Any blend of Vermentino, Sauv Blanc, and/or Viognier, with max 40% other white grapes suitable
143
What is the **single-estate sub-appellation in Maremma**?
**Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC** in the town of Castagneto Carducci
**min 80% Cab Sauv, plus**
2 years aging, 18 months in wood
144
What are the **11 Chianti Classico UGA's**?
**San Casciano
Greve
Montefioralle
Lamole
San Donato in Poggio
Panzano
Radda
Castellina
Gaiole
Vagliagli
Castelnuovo Berardenga**
145
What style are the wines of **Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG**?
Passito red Aleatico
146
What white grape is Aleatico genetically linked to?
Moscato Bianco
147
What grapes are used for **Tuscan Vin Santo**?
Trebbiano
Malvasia, plus Grechetto (sometimes)
Rose is produced with min 50% Sangiovese
148
What is the **only white wine DOCG in Tuscany**?
**Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG**
149
What does liquoroso indicate on a bottle of Vin Santo?
That the wine has been fortified
150
Name the 11 DOCG's of Tuscany
**Chianti DOCG
Chianti Classico DOCG
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
Vino Nobile di Montalcino DOCG
Morellino di Scansano DOCG
Carmignano DOCG
Survereto DOCG
Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG
Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG
Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG
Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG**
151
What was the first DOC in Italy?
**Vernaccia di San Gimignano in 1966**
152
What are the two main clones of Sangiovese?
**Sangiovese Grosso**: large berried, including Prugnolo and Brunello
**Sangioveto**: smalled-berried, seen in Chianti
153
What other wine does the **Tenuta all'Ornellaia** estate produce?
**Masseto (Merlot)**
154
Excellent vintages in Chianti Classico?
1985
1988
1990
1997-2001
2004
155
Excellent vintages in Brunello di Montalcino:
1980
1982
1985
1988
1990
1995-1997
1999-2001
2004
156
Excellent vintages in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano:
1985
1988
1990
1993
1997
1999
2000
2001
2004
157
What is latifondo?
The system of land ownership in Italy, overturned by the Agrarian reforms in the 1950's
158
What is mezzadria?
Share-cropping, more prevalent in the north
159
Who produces **Tignanello**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Antinori
75-85% Sangiovese, Cab Sauv, Cab Franc**
IGT Toscana
1971
160
Who produces **Solaia**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Antinori
75% Cab Sauv, 20% Sangiovese**, 5% Cab Franc
IGT Toscana
1978
161
Who produces **Guada al Tasso**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Antinori
50-65% Cab Sauv, 30-40% Merlot** plus Syrah
Bolgheri Superiore DOC
1990
162
Who produces **Grifi**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Avignonesi
60% Sangiovese
40% Cab Sauv**
IGT Toscana
19-83-1996, 2010
163
Who produces **Desiderio**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Avignonesi
85% Merlot, 15% Cab Sauv**
Cortona DOC
1988
164
Who produces **SummuS**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Banfi
Cab Sauv, Sangiovese, Syrah**
Formerly Sant-Antimo DOC, now IGT Toscana
1985
165
Who produces **Casalferro**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Barone Ricasoli/Castello di Brolio**
100% Merlot (100% Sangiovese until 2001)
1993
166
Who produces Il Caberlot? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
Il Carnasciale
100% Caberlot (unique variety, merlot x)
IGT Toscana
1988
Bottled only in magnum
167
Who produces **Fontalloro**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Felsina
100% Sangiovese**
IGT Toscana
1983
168
Who produces **Maestro Raro**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Felsina
100% Cab Sauv**
IGT Toscana
1987
169
Who produces **Flaccianello delle Pieve**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Fontodi
100% Sangiovese**
Colli della Toscana Centrale IFT
1981
170
Who produces Mormoreto? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
Catello di Nipozzano (Frescobaldi)
Cab Sauv, Merlot, Cab Franc, Petit Verdot
IGT Toscana
1983
171
Who produces **Lamaione**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Castelgiocondo (Frescobaldi)
100% Merlot**
1991
172
Who produces **Luce**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Luce della Vite (Fresobaldi)
Sangiovese, Merlot**
Toscana IGT
1993
173
Who produces Giramonte? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
Tenuta di Castiglione (Frescobaldi)
Merlot, plus Sangiovese
IGT Toscana
1999
174
Who produces **Cepparello**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Isole e Olena
100% Sangiovese**
IGT Toscana
1980
175
Who produces **Paleo Rosso**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Le Macchiole
100% Cab Franc**
IGT Toscana 1989
176
Who produces **Messorio**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Le Macchiole
100% Merlot**
IGT Toscana
1994
177
Who produces **Scrio**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Le Macchiole
100% Syrah**
IGT Toscana
1994
178
Who produces **Le Pergole Torte**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Montevertine
100% Sangiovese**
IGT Toscana
1977
179
Who produces **Ornellaia**?? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Tenuta dell'Ornellaia**
Cab Sauv, Merlot, Cab Franc, Petit Verdot
DOC Bolgheri Superiore
1985
180
Who produces **Masseto**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Tenuta dell'Ornellaia
100% Merlot**
IGT Toscana
1986
181
Who produces **Sammarco**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Castello di Rampolla
Cab Sauv, plus**
IGT Toscana
1980
182
Who produces **Vinga d'Alceo**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Castello di Rampolla
80% Cab Sauv, plus Petit Verdot**
IGT Toscana
1996
183
Who produces **Sassicaia**? Assemblage, appellation, inaugural vintage?
**Tenuta San Guido
80% Cab Sauv, 15% Cab Franc**
DOC Bolgheri Sassicaia
1968
184
Name 5 Supertuscans that do not appellate as IGT Toscana:
**Guado al Tasso** - Bolgheri Superiore DOC
**Flaccianello** - Colli della Toscana Centrale IGT
**Ornellaia** - Bolgheri Superiore DOC
**Sassicaia** - Bolgheri Sassiscaia DOC
**Il Bosco** - Cortona DOC
185
What Supertuscans does **Antinori** make?
**Tignanello** - 1971, 75-85% Sangiovese, Cab Sauv, Cab Franc
**Solaia** - 1978, 75% Cab Sauv, Cab Franc, Sangiovese
**Guado al Tasso** - 1990, 50-65% Cab Sauv, Merlot
186
What Supertuscans does **Avignonesi** make?
**Grifi** - 1983, 60% Sangiovese + CS
**Desiderio** - 1988, 85% Merlot + CS
187
What Supertuscans does **Felsina** make?
* **Fontalloro** - 1983, 100% Sangiovese
* **Maestro Raro** - 1987, 100% Cab Sauv
188
What Supertuscans does **Frescobaldi** make?
**Mormoreto** - CS/Merlot/CF/PV
**Lamaione** - 100% Merlot
**Luce** - Sangiovese + Merlot
**Giramonte** - Merlot + Sangiovese
189
What Supertuscans does **Le Macchiole** make?
**Paleo Rosso** - 100% Cab Franc
**Messorio** - 100% Merlot
**Scrio** - 100% Syrah
190
What Supertuscans does **Tenuta dell'Ornellaia** make?
**Ornellaia** - CS/Merlot/CF/PV
**Masseto** - 100% Merlot
191
What Supertuscans does **Castello dei Rampolla** make?
**Sammarco** - Cab Sauv +
**Vigna d'Alceo** - 80% CS + PV
192
What province in **Brunello di Montalcino** in?
Siena
193
Name 3 traditional producers of Brunello?
Biondi Santi
Talenti
Soldera
194
What province in **Vino Nobile di Montalcino** in?
Siena
195
What are the unofficial subzones of **Brunello di Montalcino**?
**Sant Angelo in Colle
Castelnuovo Abate
Torrenieri**
196
What are the **6 provinces of Chianti**?
**Firenze
Siena
Arezzo
Prato
Pisa
Pistoia**
197
Famous Vin Santo producer?
Avignonesi
198
When was the recipe for **Chianti DOCG upgraded from 70-100%**?
1996
But as of 2009 only 70% is required
199
What was **Suvereto DOCG** formerly a subzone of?
Formerly a sub-zone of Val di Cornia DOCG
Borders Bolgheri
Promoted in 2011
**Based on CS or Merlot**
200
What is the **only dessert wine to receive a DOCG**?
**Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG**
201
What clone of Sangiovese is permitted in **Vino Nobile**? What is the blend?
**Prugnolo Gentile
min 70%**
max 30% other Tuscan varieties (max 5% white)
202
What portion of **Carmignano DOCG** must be Sangiovese? What else is required?
**min 50% Sangiovese**
10-20% combined CS+CF
203
Name 2 modern Brunello producers:
Casanova di Neri
Mastrojanni
204
What wine may not be released until the **Feast of St. Michael** (Sept 29th) of the third year following harvest?
**Carmignano DOCG**
205
What is the uvaggio of **Morellino di Scansano** and how long is it aged for?
**min 85% Sangiovese (aka Morellino)**
Normale: March 1st
Riserva: 2 years in barrel
206
**Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG**, varietals and aging:
**Sangiovese, Sangiovese Riserva
Min. 90% Sangiovese**
Max. 10% other grapes suitable for cultivation in Tuscany, with the exception of Malvasia Nera and Aleatico
Montecucco Sangiovese: May not be released before April 1 of the second year after harvest (Min. 1 year in oak)
Montecucco Sangiovese Riserva: May not be released before September 1 of the third year after harvest (Min. 24 months in oak and 6 months in bottle)
207
**Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG**, varietals and aging:
**Min. 40% Sangiovese
Max. 60% combined Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon**
Max. 20% other red grapes (except Aleatico) suitable for cultivation in Toscana
**Rosso della Val di Cornia**: Wines may not be released until May 1 of the second year following the harvest.
**Rosso della Val di Cornia Riserva**: Wines may not be released until January 1 of the third year following the harvest. Min. 18 months in oak and min. 6 months in bottle.
208
What **DOC's exist solely for Vin Santo** production?
* **Vin Santo del Chianti DOC**
* **Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC**
* **Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC**
* **Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC**
209
What **DOC do Tuscany and Liguria share**? Styles, varieties, aging?
**Colli di Luni DOC**
Bianco
Rosso/Rosso Riserva
Varietal wine:
Vermentino/Vermentino Superiore
Albarola
**Bianco:
min 35% Vermentino**
25%-40% Trebbiano Toscano
max 30% other white grapes suitable
**Rosso:
min 50% Sangiovese**
max 50% other red grapes suitable
**Vermentino
min 90% Vermentino**
other white grapes suitable
**Albarola
min 85% Albarola**
max 15% other white grapes suitable
210
**Ansonica Costa dell'Argentario DOC** style and grape?
Styles: Varietal Ansonica (Bianco)
Varieties:
**min 85% Ansonica**
max 15% other white grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana
211
**Bianco dell'Empolese DOC** style and varietal?
Styles:
**Bianco
Vin Santo**
**Varieties:
min 60% Trebbiano Toscano**
max 40% other white grapes (excluding Moscato Bianco) suitable for cultivation in Toscana
212
**Bianco di Pitigliano DOC** styles and varietal?
Styles: (Bianco)
Bianco
Bianco Superiore
Spumante
Vin Santo
Varieties:
**min 40% - 100% Trebbianco Toscano**
max 60%, combined or separately, Greco, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, Verdello, Grechetto, Ansonica, Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Viognier, Pinot Bianco, Riesling Italico
maximum 15% other white grapes suitable
213
**100% Merlot Supertuscans**?
Castello di Ama "L’Apparita", IGT Toscana
Tua Rita "Redigaffi", IGT Toscana
Barone Ricasoli "Casalferro", IGT Toscana
Boscarelli "Boscarelli", IGT Toscana
Frescobaldi "Lamaione", IGT Toscana
La Cappella "Cantico", IGT Toscana
Le Macchiole "Messorio", IGT Toscana
Petrolo (Bucine) "Galatrona", DOC Val d'Arno di Sopra
San Giusto a Rentennano "La Ricolma", IGT Toscana
214
100% Cabernet Sauvignon Supertuscans:
Felsina "Maestro Raro"
Monsanto "Nemo"
Montepeloso "Gabbro"
215
100% Cab Franc Supertuscans:
Duemani (Riparbella) "Duemani", IGP Costa Toscana
Le Macchiole "Paleo", IGT Toscana
216
100% Syrah Supertuscans:
Duemani (Riparbella) "Suisassi", IGP Costa Toscana
Le Macchiole "Scrio", IGT Toscana
Tenimenti d'Alessandro "Il Bosco", DOC Cortona
217
What is the climate of Tuscany?
Dry-Mediterranean
218
What is the parentage of **Sangiovese**?
Ciliegiolo x *Negrodulce
219
What is the most widely grown green grape variety?
Trebbiano
220
Sangiovese is the top grape variety in how many Tuscan DOCG’s?
**8:
Rosso delle Val di Cornia DOCG
Carmignano DOCG
Chianti DOCG
Vino Nobile DOCG
Chianti Classico DOCG
Morellino di Scansano DOCG
Montecucco DOCG
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG**
221
What did **Baron de Ricosoli** contribute to wine production in Tuscany?
accredited with developing the **“Chianti formula”**
222
The **Pomino DOC** shares the same boundaries and this Chianti sub-zone:
Rufina
223
In Chianti DOCG, **the refermentation over skins of dried grapes** is transcribed as what on a label of wine?
**Governo all’uso Tuscano**
224
What is assemblage of **Fèlsina’s Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC** wine?
Trebbiano
Malvasia
Sangiovese
225
What color are the wines from **Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG**?
Red
226
Traditionally, what **Tuscan Vin Santo** appellation typically produces **the sweetest and most oxidative** style wines?
Montepulciano
227
Who produces **Maestro Raro**, and what is it?
**Fèlsina – 100% Cab Sauv**
228
What is the minimum % of Sangiovese required in CC Gran Selezione: Now? AND in 2027?
**80% currently** – increases to 90% with the 2027 vintage to be released in 2030
229
Where can you find the **"Cona d 'Oro"**?
South of Panzano in Chianti Classico.
230
What is the **only monopole in Italy**?
**Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC**
231
What is **"gallo nero"**?
Italian for "black rooster", the mandatory symbol on bottles of Chianti Classico
232
When were white grapes no longer permitted in Chianti Classico?
2006
233
_______________ lays claim to mandating the longest minimum maturation periods of any dry, unfortified wine in the world.
**Brunello di Montalcino**
**normale: 5 years total, 2 in oak, 4 months in bottle**
**riserva: 6 years total, 2 in oak, 6 months in bottle**
234
Match the producer to their notable vineyards:
1. Valdicava - Madonna del Piano
2. Ciacci Piccolomini - Pianrosso
3. Biondi Santi - Greppo
4. Altesino - Montosoli
235
What is the name of the **100% Cabernet Franc produced by Antinori under the Guadao al Tasso estate**?
Matarocchio
236
What are the names of **Le Macchiole's 3 mono-varietal Super-Tuscans**?
**Scrio** - 100% Syrah
**Paleo (Rosso)** - 100% Cabernet Franc
**Messorio** - 100% Merlot
237
Name one sustainable or organic certification commonly seen in Tuscan wineries?
"Vino Libero" or "Bio" (organic) certifications.
238
Which ancient civilization is credited with **introducing viticulture to Tuscany**?
The Etruscans
239
Name the winery located in the Maremma region known for its **Morellino di Scansano** wines:
Fattoria Le Pupille.
240
Name **3 different sparkling wines** from Tuscany?
**Felsina** - from the province of Siena, a Classic method with a blend of 60% Sangiovese, 20% Pinot Nero and Chardonnay for the remainder
**Le Chiuse** - In Montalcino, Spumante Brut “Stellare” is produced by using 100% Sangiovese Grosso grapes.
**Fattoria Montellori** - in Pistoia, an unblended 100% Chardonnay vintage for a Classic method spumante with no less than 36 months fermentation on the lees, followed by proper aging in the bottle.
241
What is **Biadina**?
**Biadina is an Italian amaro variety** that originated and is still mainly consumed in Lucca. It is a bitter, amber-colored liqueur that is made with long maceration of various botanicals such as chicona. The legend of its origin says that the drink was invented in the 19th century at a market in Lucca.
Tista Nardini had a shop at the Piazza San Michele and would offer the drink to the merchants. The name stems from biada (feed given to horses), and Tista would serve the drink with the often quoted phrase: "Biada for the horses, and a biadina for the merchant." Traditionally, the liqueur is enjoyed as a digestif, and it is often served with some pine nuts.
242
What liquor from Tuscany is the following describing?
"a sweet herbal liqueur created in 1896 by Italian distiller and brandy producer Arturo Vaccari of Livorno, Tuscany. The star element in this liquor is vanilla, which differentiates it from other anise-flavored liqueurs such as Sambuca, Pernod, or Anisette, but the extensive list of ingredients also includes Chinese star anise, Mediterranean anise, juniper, musk yarrow, ginger, lavender, cinnamon, and peppermint.
In appearance similar to Strega, this spirit is sweet and has a complex, vanilla-anise flavor with subtle citrus, wood, and herbal under notes. It is used both as a digestif and as an ingredient for cocktails, most notably the Harvey Wallbanger."
**Galliano**
243
What's the name of the classic round Chaniti bottle with straw wrapping around the base? What was the purpose/whats the history behind this bottle?
**Fiasco**. Dates back to 14th century as an extra layer of protection for shipping.
244
Which Ligurian winery is known for its Vermentino-based wines, including the highly regarded **"Ligurian Riviera Vermentino"**?
Lunae Bosoni
245
Name the winery known for producing Rossese di Dolceacqua wines and is often associated with the "Rosa del Golfo" label.
Terre Bianche
246
Match the traditional vine-training style to the region:
i. Ponente a. pergola ßLevante
ii. Levante b. albarello ßPonente
247
Describe **Galestro** soils:
a metamorphic, schist-like rock that is crumbly and prone to flaking. It is most commonly found in central Toscana around Chianti Classico, Rùfina, and Montalcino.
248
When **Cosimo III de’ Medici** issued the bando that delimited the Chianti region in 1716 what 3 other regions were similarly delimited?
**Pomino
Carmignano
Val d’Arno di Sopra**
249
Describe **Alberese** soils:
a fine-grained calcareous marl most commonly found in central and southern Toscana, especially Chianti Classico.
250
Which region was awarded **Italy’s first DOC in 1966**?
**Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOC**
251
What food is **vin santo** commonly served with?
A cantuccio or cantuccini, a type of almond cookie a la biscotti
252
Name 4 DOCs or DOCGs that **REQUIRE the use of either Merlot or Cabernet Sauvignon**?
**Val d’Arno di Sopra DOC
Terratico di Bibbona DOC
Suvereto Rosso DOCG
Montecarlo DOC
Cortona DOC
Carmignano DOCG
Bolgheri Sassicaia DOCG
Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC**
253
**Bistecca alla Fiorentina** is traditionally a cut from these two specific breeds of cattle that have their own IGP:
**Chianina or Maremmana**
254
What grape is thought to have formed the **majority of the blend in 17th & 18th century Chianti**?
Canaiolo
255
In what sort of vessel must **Brunello** be bottled?
**In a Bordelaise bottle with a cork stopper**
256
Which designation has a higher minimum alcohol:
Chianti Classico DOCG Riserva or Chianti Colli Senesi DOCG Riserva?
Colli Senesi Riserva - 13%
Chianti Classico Riserva - 12.5%
257
What is **"graticci"**?
Wooden racks in ventilated rooms to air dry the grapes for passito
258
What is the most planted varietal on the Island of **Giglio**?
Ansonica
259
What is **Tua Rita’s Merlot IGT**?
Redigaffi
260
What are the allowed varietals in **Sant’Antimo**?
(Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Nero, Merlot)
261
What was the first Sangiovese to be aged in Barriques?
Tignanello
262
What's the minimum alcohol for **Vin Santo/Vina Santo Occhio di Pernice**?
16%
263
**Prugnolo Gentile** is know as Sangiovese in what DOCG?
**Vino Nobile di Montepulciano**
264
What is important about the date of September 29 in **Carmignano DOCG**?
Release date for Riserva wines and it’s the feast of St. Michael
265
What do **Colli/Colline** refer to when talking about the subzones of Chianti?
The hills surrounding the provinces mentioned
266
The **Conca d’Oro** is located within what commune of **Chianti Classico**? What is the soil type found there?
Greve – Galestro soils
267
Who was Giulio Gambelli?
Wine consultant who created the modern style of Brunello di Montalcino and consulted all over Tuscany
268
What is the assemblage of **Chianti Colli Senesi** and does it differ from Chianti?
**Min 75% Sangiovese**
Max 25% Other red grapes suitable for Tuscan winemaking
Max 10% white Grapes
Max 10% Combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Franc
Yes – Sangiovese min is increased and other grapes decreased by 5%
269
When was **Gran Selezione** created? What is the minimum aging requirement?
2013, 2010 vintage
30 months total, 3 months in bottle
270
Which region requires more Sangiovese? **Morellino, Montecucco or Chianti Classico**?
Montecucco (90%)
271
**Casse Basse** is associated with what Brunello producer?
Soldera
272
What are the dominant grapes of **Vin Santo Bianco** in Tuscany?
Trebbiano de Toscana and Malvasia
273
When was **Sassicaia** first released?
1968
274
What are the two major rivers that influence **Brunello**?
Orcia and Ombrone
275
What are the 2 grapes in **Cappanelle's "50 & 50"** ?
**Merlot and Sangiovese**
276
What is the **min alcohol % of Elba Aleatico Passito**?
19%
277
What are the first vintages of Masseto and Ornellaia?
1985 Ornellaia
1986 Masseto
278
What is the **min % of Sangiovese mandated for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG**?
70%
279
Minimum alcohol for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?
13%
280
What is the synonym for **Sangiovese in Scansano**?
Morellino
281
What river marks the southwest border of **Brunello di Montalcino**?
Orcia River
282
What type of animal is the Cinta Senese
Pig
283
Which Chianti subzone requires min **75%-100% Sangiovese**?
Colli Senesi
284
Name a producer of vin santo:
Castellare di Castellina
Felsina
Selvapiana
285
**Chianti Riserva DOCG** requires how much aging:
2 years from Jan 1 the year following harvest
286
Which DOCs follow the same boundaries as **Brunello di Montalcino DOCG**?
**Sant Antimo DOC
Moscadello di Montalcino DOC**
287
What is the primary red grape of **Cortona DOC**?
**Syrah**
288
**Trebbiano Toscano** is also known as?
**Ugni Blanc**
289
True or False - White grapes are allowed in Chianti Classico DOCG?
False - since 2006
290
**Radda and Castellina** are communes in which DOCG?
**Chianti Classico DOCG**
291
What are **Chianti Moltabano** wines known for?
Chianti Montalbano wines are known for their **soft and scented personality**. They are also the Chianti with the shortest lifespan and should be consumed young.
292
Southernmost Chianti subregion?
Colli Senesi
293
Western-most Chianti subregion and closest to Pisa?
Colli Pisane
294
What is the smallest Subzone of Chianti?
Located east of Florence, **Chianti Rufina** is the smallest subregion of Chianti.
295
Types of Peroni beer?
Peroni Gran Riserva, Raw Peroni, Lemon Peroni Chill and The Peroncino are the 4 variants of Peroni beers.
296
**Carmignano DOCG** requires a min ______ Sangiovese along with ______ combined Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon.
Carmignano DOCG **requires a min 50% Sangiovese along with 10-20% combined Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon**
297
Name the 3 C’s (red grapes) permitted in Chianti, along with some other allowable grapes:
**Canaiolo Nero
Ciliegiolo
Colorino
Fogliatonda
Malvasia Nera
Mammolo
Pugnitello**
and also major international varieties, such as Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah.
298
Describe 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 vintages in Montalcino:
2014 Difficult vintage. Cold and rainy led to wines that lack richness.
2015 Near perfect vintage. Ripe and rich wines with structure.
2016 May be better the ’16. Later harvest, but retains acidity
2017 Very warm year and the wines are rounder, riper, and early drinking.
299
The Chianti region was officially enlarged in 1932 to 9 subzones. Name any 3.
**Chianti Classico
Rùfina
Montalbano
Colli Fiorentini
Colli Senesi
Colli Aretini
Colline Pisane
(A final subzone, Montespertoli, included since 1997.)**
300
Which **Chianti Classico** commune has the highest elevation vineyards, above 650 meters?
Radda
301
What requirements are needed to label a wine **Chianti Classico Gran Selezione**?
Single vineyard or top parcels
estate grown or long term contracts
30 months min aging with at least 3 months in bottle
and must have 90% Sangiovese.
302
Who is the producer, leading varietal, and first vintage of **Solaia**?
Antinori, 75% now- 80% in 1978 which is original vintage
303
**Avignonesi and Capannelle’s 50 & 50 Super Tuscan** is a blend of which two varieties- and what region are each from?
50% Avignonesi Merlot from Montepulciano, 50% Capannelle Sangiovese from Gaiole in Chianti. 1988 first vintage.
304
IL Caberlot by IL Carnasciale is what grape and made in what format only?
100% Caberlot varietal - crossing of Merlot x Cabernet
305
Duemani, Duemani is what grape? Duemani, Suissasi is what grape?
Duemani, Duemani= 100% Cab Franc
Duemani, Suisassi= 100% Syrah
306
Where is **Panzano**? What is special about Panzano? Can you name a historic producer from the greater Panzano area?
**Village in Florence, subzone of Chianti Classico Gran Selezione**
* Elevation is unique- so of the steepest hills in Tuscany- elevation ranges from 800 ft- 2100+ft, avg. 1300+ ft.
For scale, Le Pergole Torte by Montevertine is at 1,394 ft. (425 masl)
**Historic producer is Fontodi**
307
What is the **Conca d’Oro**?
**The “Golden Shell” amphitheater vineyards Fontodi uses in Flaccianello della Pieve**
308
Producer, Varietal, First Vintage of Galatrona?
Petrolo, Merlot, 1994
309
**Fattoria le Pupille** is located where? Can you name two bottlings?
Winery in Grosseto 33 km away from Scansano both in Maremma
Morellino di Scansano DOCG: 85% Sangiovese, 10% Alicante, and 5% Malvasia Nera. Inaugural vintage 1985.
Saffredi Toscana IGP: 60% Cabernet Sauvignon, 30% Merlot, and 10% Petit Verdot. From the namesake vineyard in Perata. Named for Elisabetta’s father, Fredi, who planted the vineyard but didn’t live to drink the wine it produced. Inaugural vintage 1987
310
Is **Querciabella** a modern or traditional winery?
Traditional! Biodynamic, organic, dry-farmed, minimal intervention
311
Name the Tuscany DOC's that can produce Vin Santo:
Vin Santo del Chianti, Vin Santo del Chianti Classico, Vin Santo di Montepulciano, Vin Santo di Carmignano,
312
Name a reputable Tuscan rose bottling and where its from
La Pupille "Rosa Mati" Maremma, Antinori Tenuta Guado Al Tasso "Scalabrone" Bolgheri, Il Poggione "Brancato" Rosato di Toscana
313
3 Tuscan producers of Traditional Method wine
Felsina, Volpaia, Il Poggione
314
Name a DOC for Spumante in Tuscany.
Pomino, Bianco di Pitigliano, Val d'Orno di Sopra
315
Annual sunlight hours for Tuscany in general?
2488 hours
316
Annual sunlight hours for Montalcino?
3028 hours or 252 a month
317
What is the annual and growing season rainfall for Chianti Classico (Florence)
912mm or 488mm
318
Who codified the Chianti boundary in 1716?
Cosimo III d' Medici Duke of Tuscany
319
Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC year/assemblage/aging
2013, Min. 80% Cabernet Sauvignon, min 18 mo in barrique and 2 years age
320
Name the Chianti DOCG designations that specifically require wood aging (3)
Colli Fiorentini Riserva & Rufina Riserva, min 6 mo in wood. Colli Senesi Riserva min. 8 mo. in wood, 4 mo btl
321
What is the DOCG of Elba?
Elba Aleatico Passito, 100% Aleatico
322
Montalcino North 3 advantages:
Cooler, Steepest up to 400masl, Limestone
323
Name 3 producers who bottle from Montosoli:
Altesino, Carpazo "Montosoli, Vigna La Casa", Nello Baricci "Colombaio Montosoli"
324
What are Altesino's 3 "firsts":
1. First to bottle single cru, Montosoli 2. First to offer Futures in Brunello 3. First to use Barrique
325
What is the first single vineyard bottling of Brunello di Montalcino?
Altesino, Montosoli 1975 located in Montalcino North
326
Hottest, Driest area of Montalcino:
Sant'Angelo
327
3 Rivers of Montalcino:
Ombrone: NW, W Asso: NE, E Orcia: S
328
3 soils of Montalcino:
Galestro, Limestone/Marl, Shale, Slate/Sandstone
329
3 soils of Chianti Classico:
Galestro- friable schist clay, Albarese- marlstone , Macigno- grey/blue sandstone
330
Name 6 Sangiovese based Super Tuscans:
Fontodi, Flaccianello della Pieve (81), Isole e Olena Ceparello (80), Montevertine Le Pergola Torte (77), Poggio Scalette Il Carbonaione (92), Felsina Fontolloro (83), Vecche Terre di Montefili Anfiteatro (87)
331
Name 3 Cabernet Sauvignon based Super Tuscans:
Monsanto Nemo (82), Montepeloso Gabbro (94), Felsina Maestro Raro (82)
332
Name 2 Cabernet Franc based Super Tuscans:
Duemani Duemani (04), Le Macchiole Paleo (89)
333
Name 5 Merlot based Super Tuscans:
Castello di Ama L'Apparita (85), Baron Ricasoli Casalferro (org. Sangio 83), Petrolo Galatrona (94), Le Macchiole Messorio (94), Frescobaldi Lamaione (91)
334
Name 2 Syrah based Super Tuscans:
Duemani Suissasi (04), Le Macchiole Scrio (94)
335
Name 2 DOC for red wine in Montalcino:
Rosso di Montalcino and Sant'Antimo
336
What is the only white wine DOCG in Tuscany:
Vernaccia di San Gimingnano DOCG
337
Name 3 DOC for Vin Santo in Tuscany:
Vin Santo del Chianti, Vin Santo del Chianti Classico, Vin Santo di Montepulciano
338
Name 3 top vintages in Bolgheri from the 80's:
82, 85, 88, 89
339
Name 3 top vintages of Brunello di Montalcino from the 90's:
90, 95, 96, 97, 99
340
How could a new producer become established in Brunello?
By purchasing both the property and the production rights from the selling producer
341
Why has Brunello reached it maximum vineyard plantings?
bc it is a UNESCO world-heritage site
342
What vintage wines were under scrutiny in Brunellogate?
2003
343
What was Brunellogate? aka Brunellopoli?
Modernist producers going from ripeness exaggeration to coloring wine with Nero d'Avola and bulk Spanish wine circa 2008
344
Name 4 current producers who predate World War 1 in Brunello di Montalcino- excluding Biondi Santi?
Fattoria di Barbi, Fattoria di Argiano, *Il Poggione, and *Col d'Orica = *Fattoria di Sant'Angelo split into the two
345
Who is creditted with isolating the Sangiovese Grosso monvarietal style of Brunello?
Ferrucio Biondi Santi, grandson of Clemente
346
Biondi Santi estate?
Il Grepo
347
Slavonian Oak grows what species oak?
Quercus Robur, same as France- but tighter grained
348
Name 3 Brunello di Montalcino producers who use barrique?
Altesino, Silvio Nardi, Gaja Piave Santa Restituta
349
What is the parentage of Sangiovese?
Ciliegiolo x *Negrodulce
350
What is the name of the 100% Cabernet Franc produced by Antinori under the Guadao al Tasso estate?
Matarocchio
351
Name the winery located in the Maremma region known for its Morellino di Scansano wines:
Fattoria Le Pupille.
352
Name 3 different sparkling wines from Tuscany?
**Felsina** - from the province of Siena, a Classic method with a blend of 60% Sangiovese, 20% Pinot Nero and Chardonnay for the remainder
**Le Chiuse** - In Montalcino, Spumante Brut “Stellare” is produced by using 100% Sangiovese Grosso grapes.
**Fattoria Montellori** - in Pistoia, an unblended 100% Chardonnay vintage for a Classic method spumante with no less than 36 months fermentation on the lees, followed by proper aging in the bottle.
353
What is **Biadina**?
Biadina is an Italian amaro variety that originated and is still mainly consumed in Lucca. It is a bitter, amber-colored liqueur that is made with long maceration of various botanicals such as chicona. The legend of its origin says that the drink was invented in the 19th century at a market in Lucca.
354
Describe Galestro soils:
a metamorphic, schist-like rock that is crumbly and prone to flaking. It is most commonly found in central Toscana around Chianti Classico, Rùfina, and Montalcino.
355
Describe Alberese soils:
a fine-grained calcareous marl most commonly found in central and southern Toscana, especially Chianti Classico.
356
Which region was awarded Italy’s first DOC in 1966?
Vernaccia di San Gimignano
357
What food is vin santo commonly served with?
A cantuccio or cantuccini, a type of almond cookie a la biscotti
358
Bistecca alla Fiorentina is traditionally a cut from these two specific breeds of cattle that have their own IGP:
Chianina or Maremmana
359
What grape is thought to have formed the majority of the blend in 17th & 18th century Chianti?
Canaiolo
360
In what sort of vessel must Brunello be bottled?
In a Bordelaise bottle with a cork stopper
361
What is the minimum percentage of Sangiovese mandated for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?
70%
362
Minimum alcohol for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?
13%
363
What type of animal is the Cinta Senese?
Pig
364
What river marks the southwest border of Brunello di Montalcino?
Orcia River
365
Which Chianti subzone requires 75%-100% Sangiovese?
Colli Senesi
366
Name a producer of vin santo:
Castellare di Castellina, Felsina, Selvapiana
367
Chianti Riserva DOCG requires how much aging:
2 years from Jan 1 the year following harvest
368
Which DOCs follow the same boundaries as Brunello di Montalcino DOCG:
Sant Antimo DOC, Moscadello di Montalcino DOC
369
What is the primary red grape of Cortona DOC?
min 50-60% Syrah
10-20% Merlot
370
Which **Tuscan DOC** is shared with Liguria?
**Colli di Luni DOC**
Bianco: 35% Vermentino
25%-40% Trebbiano Toscano
Rosso: min 50% Sangiovese
Vermentino: min 90%
371
**Carmignano DOCG**: Uvaggio
Minimum 50% Sangiovese
10-20% combined Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
372
**Carmignano DOCG**: Aging Requirements
**Carmignano**: Minimum 8 months in oak or chestnut barrels, may not be sold before June 1 of the second year following the harvest
**Carmignano Riserva**: Minimum 12 months in oak or chestnut barrels, may not be sold before September 29 (Feast of St. Michael) of the third year following the harvest
373
What's the min drying time for Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG?
100% Aleatico, min 10 days air drying with 30% sugar content
374
Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG: Uvaggio
min 90% Sangiovese
375
Suvereto DOCG: Uvaggio
Suvereto Rosso: Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Merlot, plus a max. 15% other red grapes suitable for cultivation in Tuscany
376
What do Colli/Colline refer to when talking about the subzones of Chianti?
The hills surrounding the provinces mentioned
377
The Conca d’Oro is located within what commune of Chianti Classico? What is the soil type found there?
Greve – Galestro soils
378
Describe the Governo technique? In what DOCG is it used?
Adding partially dried grapes or fresh must during a fermentation – used if stuck fermentation is an issue but not common today. Must be indicated by “Governo all’uso” on the label in Chianti DOCG only.
379
Which region requires more Sangiovese? Morellino, Montecucco or Chianti Classico?
Morellino di Scansano - min 85%
Chianti Classico - min 80%
Motecucco - min 60%
380
Casse Basse is associated with what Brunello producer?
Soldera - Case Basse di Gianfranco Soldera Toscana IGT, 100% Sangiovese
381
What are the dominant grapes of Vin Santo bianco in Tuscany?
Trebbiano Toscano, Malvasia Bianca Lunga, and/or Malvasia Bianca di Candia
382
% Trebbiano by Vin Santo region:
Carmignanon DOC - min 75%
Chianti DOC - min 70%
Montepulciano DOC - min 70%
Chianti Classico DOCG - min 60%
383
What is the minimum alcohol % of Elba Aleatico Passito?
Minimum Alcohol: 19% (12% actual)
384
What are the first vintage of Masseto and Ornellaia?
Masseto - 1986
Ornellaia - 1985
385
What are the 2 grapes in Cappanelle's "50 & 50" ?
50% Sangiovese + 50% Merlot
50% Avignonesi Merlot from Montepulciano, 50% Capannelle Sangiovese from Gaiole in Chianti. 1988 first vintage.
386
Chianti's southernmost region?
Colli Senesi
387
Chianti's smallest subzone?
Located east of Florence, Chianti Rufina is the smallest subregion of Chianti.
388
Vernaccia di San Gimignano was Italy's first DOC. When was it awarded?
Awarded in 1966. DOCG in 1993.
389
Which Chianti Classico commune has the highest elevation vineyards, above 650 meters?
Radda
390
What requirements are needed to label a wine Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?
Single vineyard or top parcels, estate grown or long term contracts, 30 months minimum aging with at least 3 months in bottle, and must have 90% Sangiovese.
391
What is Alberello vine-training better known as?
Gobelet, trained to stand alone like a compact tree
392
Who is the producer, leading varietal, and first vintage of Solaia?
Antinori, at 75% Caberenet now - 80% in 1978 which is original vintage
393
IL Caberlot by IL Carnasciale is what grape and made in what format only?
100% Caberlot varietal - crossing of Merlot x Cabernet Franc- Mag only!
394
Duemani, Duemani is what grape? Duemani, Suissasi is what grape?
Duemani, Duemani= 100% Cab Franc
Duemani, Suisassi= 100% Syrah
395
Where is Panzano? What is special about Panzano? Can you name a historic producer from the greater Panzano area?
Village in Florence, subzone of Chianti Classico Gran Selezione. Elevation is unique- so of the steepest hills in Tuscany- elevation ranges from 800 ft- 2100+ft, avg. 1300+ ft.
For scale, Le Pergole Torte by Montevertine is at 1,394 ft. (425 masl)
Historic producer is Fontodi
396
What is the Conca d’Oro?
The “Golden Shell” amphitheater vineyards Fontodi uses in Flaccianello della Pieve
397
Fattoria le Pupille is located where? Can you name two bottlings?
Winery in Grosseto 33 km away from Scansano both in Maremma
Morellino di Scansano DOCG: 85% Sangiovese, 10% Alicante, and 5% Malvasia Nera. Inaugural vintage 1985.
Saffredi Toscana IGP: 60% Cabernet Sauvignon, 30% Merlot, and 10% Petit Verdot. From the namesake vineyard in Perata. Named for Elisabetta’s father, Fredi, who planted the vineyard but didn’t live to drink the wine it produced. Inaugural vintage 1987
398
What is Ribollita?
This Tuscan stew was created when servants would clear the plates of their masters and cook the leftovers in boiling water. Ribollita, which means re-boiled, is made with cannellini beans and hearty vegetables and thickened with stale bread.
