Tutorial Mock Examen Questions 21/22 Flashcards
(30 cards)
The commonly named subcategories of long-term memory systems are…
(a) Endogenous and exogenous
(b) Explicit and embedded
(c) Declarative and non-declarative
(d) Perceptual and episodic
(c) Declarative and non-declarative
Recalling a studied dance move is an example of
(a) semantic memory
(b) procedural memory
(c) classical conditioning
(d) habituation
(b) procedural memory
Which of the following is no commonly accepted stage of memory
(a) Encoding
(b) Consolidation
(c) Retrieval
(d) Buffering
(d) Buffering
Which of the following statements is not true about patient H.M. ?
(a) H.M. had an impaired IQ after resection of his medial temporal lobe.
(b) H.M.was treated for epilepsy.
(c) H.M. had no ability to form new long-term memory.
(d) H.M.showed mild retrograde amnesia.
(a) H.M. had an impaired IQ after resection of his medial temporal lobe.
A patient with anterograde amnesia has difficulties..
(a) to remember all events before the injury including memories of the distant past.
(b) to remember all memories right before the injury, but has preserved memories of the distant
past.
(c) to remember new information.
(d) to learn new skills.
(c) to remember new information.
Which of the following statements on the medial temporal lobe memory system is true?
(a) The medial temporal lobe system includes as primary areas hypothalamus and amygdala.
(b) Integrates information on object identity and context.
(c) Is not involved in the encoding process.
(d) Stores long-term memory traces.
(b) Integrates information on object identity and context.
Memory retrieval of long-term consolidated memories
(a) occurs via a retrieval cue activating memory traces in hippocampal systems.
(b) occurs via a retrival cue activating memory traces in neocortex.
(c) occurs within hippocampal and parahippocampal systems.
(d) occurs in the amygdala.
(b) occurs via a retrival cue activating memory traces in neocortex.
Which of the following statements on muscle innervation is true?
(a) Upper motor neurons can innervate multiple muscle fibres.
(b) Motor neuronal innervation runs entirely ipsilateral from brain to muscle.
(c) A motor unit is composed by several motor neurons and a single muscle fibre.
(d) A motor unit is composed by one lower motor neuron and several muscle fibres.
(d) A motor unit is composed by one lower motor neuron and several muscle fibres.
Pyramidal tracts control
(a) voluntary movement
(b) involuntary movement
(c) monosynaptic reflexes
(d) polysynaptic reflexes
(a) voluntary movement
Which of the following statements on the primary motor cortex (M1) is not true.
(a) The representation of the hand is disproportionally large.
(b) M1 neurons code for movement direction using population vectors.
(c) M1 code for muscles groups with a homunculus.
(d) M1primarily processes information for sensory-motor integration.
(d) M1primarily processes information for sensory-motor integration.
Typical Parkinson’s Disease symptoms do not include
(a) non-motor symptoms
(b) rigiditiy
(c) bradikinesia
(d) ataxia
(d) ataxia
Negative reinforcement describes
(a) a stimulus representing an unconditioned incentive.
(b) a stimulus representing a conditioned incentive.
(c) strengthening of a behaviour after presentation of a positive consequence.
(d) strengthening of a behaviour after removal of a negative consequence.
(d) strengthening of a behaviour after removal of a negative consequence.
Mesolimbic dopamine does not play a primary role in
(a) motor control
(b) motivational and emotional responses
(c) addiction
(d) processing of reward and desire
(a) motor control
According to Schultz et al. 1997 a positive reward prediction error is followed by
(a) a dip in phasic mesolimbic dopamine in the ventral tegmental area.
(b) a spike in phasic mesolimbic dopamine in the ventral tegmental area.
(c) a spike in tonic dopamine in the substantia nigra.
(d) a drop of tonic cortical dopamine.
(b) a spike in phasic mesolimbic dopamine in the ventral tegmental area.
Thorndike’s law of effect suggests that..
(a) stimulus-response associations are weakened by rewards.
(b) stimulus-response associations are strengthened by rewards.
(c) a response producing a punishment is more likely to occur in a similar situation in the future.
(d) punishment and reward influence classical conditioning.
(b) stimulus-response associations are strengthened by rewards.
Temporal discounting describes that..
(a) a sooner smaller reward is discounted more than a later larger reward.
(b) a later larger reward is discounted more than a sooner smaller reward.
(c) all reward sizes discount at the same rate over time.
(d) reward values remain constant over time.
(b) a later larger reward is discounted more than a sooner smaller reward.
The prefrontal cortex can be defined
(a) based on the regions of the frontal lobe that elicit movements when stimulated.
(b) based on projection zones of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus.
(c) based on projection zones of the ventromedial thalamic nucleus.
(d) based on basal ganglia projection zones.
(b) based on projection zones of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus.
Prefrontal cortical lesions result in
(a) anterograde memory loss.
(b) bradykinesia and rigidity.
(c) disinhibition and planning deficits.
(d) visual field deficits.
(c) disinhibition and planning deficits.
In signal detection theory, high overlap of the noise and signal distribution
(a) has no influence on discriminability and performance accuracy.
(b) influences discriminability and performance accuracy.
(c) leads to more correct rejections.
(d) leads to less false positives.
(b) influences discriminability and performance accuracy.
Potential origins of signal-to-noise variability do not include
(a) stimulus fluctuations.
(b) sensory processing.
(c) central processing such as attention processing.
(d) driftrate.
(d) driftrate
In drift diffusion models
(a) constant evidence relates to choice probabilities.
(b) accumulating evidence relates to behavioural responses chosen when a decision threshold is
reached.
(c) constant evidence relates to behavioural responses chosen based on a set decision threshold.
(d) Drift rate is independent of the strength of sensory evidence.
(b) accumulating evidence relates to behavioural responses chosen when a decision threshold is
reached.
In perceptual decision making,
(a) a signal that is more coherent, corresponds to a slower accumulation of evidence (drift rate).
(b) a signal that is more coherent, corresponds to a faster accumulation of evidence (driftrate).
(c) varying coherence does not affect performance accuracy or reaction times.
(d) varying coherence increases performance accuracy and increases reaction times.
(b) a signal that is more coherent, corresponds to a faster accumulation of evidence (driftrate).
Blind sight and hemineglect are discussed in consciousness research
(a) as the opposites of consciousness.
(b) as examples for conscious processing of stimuli that patients are not aware of.
(c) as phenomenons that consciousness cannot explain.
(d) as examples of normal consciousness as measured with wakefulness.
(b) as examples for conscious processing of stimuli that patients are not aware of.
Which of the following theories is not a neural theory on consciousness?
(a) Theory of microconsciousness.
(b) Theory of hierarchy.
(c) Theory of recurrent processing.
(d) Theory of a global working space.
(b) Theory of hierarchy.
