Types and Rate of Reactions Flashcards
Write the formulae of compounds using combining powers
Write down the symbols of the elements or groups involved.
Above each symbol, write its valency without the sign
Swap valencies over.
Write the formula.
Recall the formulae and combining powers of carbonate, nitrate, sulfate, hydroxide, ammonium
CO3=-2, NO−3=-1,SO4=2,OH−=-1,NH4=1
Recall the formulae of hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric acids
sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and nitric acid (HNO3).
Construct balanced symbol equations
balanced symbol equation has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow
word equations for the types of reactions oxidation, reduction, neutralisation, decomposition, precipitation
oxidation=
C ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) → CO 2 ( g ) reduction= Ax + By + C = 0
neutralisation= acid + base = salt + water decomposition= Ag++1e−→Ag0 precipitation= AgNO3(aqueous) + KCl(aqueous) —–AgCl(precipitate) + KNO3(aqueous)
Recall the definition of oxidation
A chemical reaction that takes place when a substance comes into contact with oxygen or another oxidizing substance
Recall the definition of reduction
any of a class of chemical reactions in which the number of electrons associated with an atom or a group of atoms is increased
Recall the definition of neutralisation
a chemical reaction where an acid and a base react with each other quantitatively
Recall the definition of Decomposition
the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, and the breakdown of water to hydrogen and oxygen.
Recall the definition of precipitation
the process of transforming a dissolved substance into an insoluble solid from a saturated solution.
Recall the definition of displacement
Displacement is defined to be the change in position of an object.
Identify whether a substance is acid/base from its formula and/or name
count the hydrogens on each substance before and after the reaction
Describe how reduction can be used to extract a metal
Extraction using carbon
Describe how neutralisation can be used to prepare a salt by simple titration
same amount of base and acid put together untill it turns neutral/green
Recall the colors of universal indicator, and phenolphthalein
phenolphthalein=colourless to light pink UI= Acid=lime green,yellow,beige,orange, Base=dark green,turquoise,pale blue,blue,dark blue,violet,purple
Recall the general equation for the decomposition of a metal carbonate
MCO3(s)Δ MO(s)+CO2(g)
Recall the patterns in thermal stability of metal carbonates
MgCO3<CaCO3<SrCO3<BaCO3.
Describe how salts can be prepared through precipitation
through a double decomposition reaction
Describe how salts can be isolated using filtration and evaporation
We can separate salt from water by heating the mixture. The water evaporates leaving behind salt.
Describe how salts can be isolated using filtration and evaporation
filtration of the excess base
evaporation of most of the water
(let the rest of the water naturally evaporate)
Crystallisation
Recall the chemical test for carbon dioxide
bubbling it through limewater (aqueous calcium hydroxide). If the limewater turns cloudy, carbon dioxide is present.
Recall the chemical test for, hydrogen
Place a lighted splint in a test tube containing the gas. If the gas is hydrogen, there will be a squeaky pop
Recall the chemical test for chlorine
the water dissolves some of the chlorine so that it can react with the indicator on the litmus paper. This test shows that chlorine is a powerful bleach.
Recall the chemical test for, oxygen
insert a glowing splint into a test tube containing an unknown gas. If the splint relights, the gas is oxygen.
