Types of Arguments

Question 1

What should be avoided in arguments?

Answer 1

Strawman fallacy

Ab hominems

Appealing to emotion

Begging the question

Argument from fallacy

Question 2

Formal fallacy

Answer 2

assumption tht if the premises given are false/true then the conclusion must be false/true

e.g.

If a car runs out of fuel it stops.
Your car has stopped.
So your car has run out of fuel.

Question 3

Straw man argument

Answer 3

ignoring the person’s actual position and substituting it for a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position

Arguing against a false, distorted and exaggerated version of someone’s actual argument

Question 4

Ad hominem

Answer 4

arguing against somebody’s position not on the basis of their argument but on the basis of the person who made tht particular argument

Question 5

Begging the question

Answer 5

occurs when an argument’s premises assume the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it

Question 6

What is a moral argument?

Answer 6

 Seek to support a moral claim of some kind

 Argument need not succeed but to be an argument it must at least provide some supporting reasons for the claim in question

Question 7

4 ethical principles

Answer 7

 Beneficence - Duty to do good

 Non-maleficence - Duty to not cause harm

 Autonomy - Patient has the right to make their own decision

 Justice - Fair, equitable treatment for all

Question 8

Define argument:

Answer 8

reasons for supporting a conclusion

Question 9

A valid argument with a true premises is a:

Answer 9

sound argument

Question 10

Deductive argument

Answer 10

if the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true

e.g.
All dogs have ears;
golden retrievers are dogs,
therefore they have ears.

Question 11

Inductive argument

Answer 11

true premises provide good grounds for believing the conclusion, but not certainty that it is true i.e the conclusion follows from the premises with probability e.g.

I see fireflies in my backyard every summer.
This summer I will probably see fireflies