types of attachment (ainsworth's strange situation)

Question 1

define validity

Answer 1

whether something is real or just the outcome of a research study

Question 2

define internal validity

Answer 2

concerns things inside of the study

are we testing for what we say we are?

Question 3

define external validity

Answer 3

concerns things outside of the study

to what extent can we generalise our findings?

Question 4

define reliability

Answer 4

consistency of a research study

Question 5

define inter reliability

Answer 5

an agreement between different observers

Question 6

what was the aim of ainsworth’s study

Answer 6

to observe key attachment behaviours as a means of assessing the quality of a baby’s attachment to a caregiver

Question 7

what type of study was ainsworth’s strange situation and how was the behaviour observed

Answer 7

a controlled observation which was conducted in a laboratory with 2 way mirrors

Question 8

what were the 5 key attachment behaviours that were observed

Answer 8

proximity seeking
exploration and secure base behaviour
stranger anxiety
separation anxiety
response to reunion

Question 9

what behaviour is demonstrated in a good quality attachment in terms of proximity seeking

Answer 9

staying close to caregiver

Question 10

what behaviour is demonstrated in a good quality attachment in terms of exploration and secure-base behaviour

Answer 10

confidence to explore as they know the caregiver is there to make them feel safe

Question 11

what behaviour is demonstrated in a good quality attachment in terms of stranger anxiety

Answer 11

anxiety when a stranger approaches

Question 12

what behaviour is demonstrated in a good quality attachment in terms of separation anxiety

Answer 12

protests/displays anxiety when separated from caregiver

Question 13

what behaviour is demonstrated in a good quality attachment in terms of response to reunion

Answer 13

greet caregiver with pleasure and seek comfort

Question 14

how long does each episode in Ainsworth’s strange situation last for

Answer 14

3 minutes

Question 15

what 7 episodes are used in Ainsworth’s strange situation

Answer 15

1. baby is encouraged to explore
2. stranger comes in and talks to the caregiver and approaches the baby
3. the caregiver leaves the baby and stranger together
4. the caregiver returns and the stranger leaves
5. the caregiver leaves the baby alone
6. the stranger returns
7. the caregiver returns and is reunited with the baby

Question 16

during the baby is encouraged to explore episode

what attachment behaviour is being tested

Answer 16

tests exploration and secure base

Question 17

during the stranger comes in and talks to the caregiver and approaches the baby episode

what attachment behaviour is being tested

Answer 17

tests stranger anxiety

Question 18

during the the caregiver leaves the baby and stranger together episode

what attachment behaviour is being tested

Answer 18

tests stranger and separation anxiety

Question 19

during the caregiver returns and the stranger leaves episode

what attachment behaviour is being tested

Answer 19

tests reunion behaviour

exploration and secure base

Question 20

during the caregiver leaves the baby alone episode

what attachment behaviour is being tested

Answer 20

tests separation anxiety

Question 21

during the stranger returns episode

what attachment behaviour is being tested

Answer 21

tests stranger anxiety

Question 22

during the caregiver returns and is reunited with with baby episode

what attachment behaviour is being tested

Answer 22

tests reunion behaviour

Question 23

what were the 3 main types of attachments Ainsworth identified after his strange situation

Answer 23

secure attachment (type b)
insecure avoidant (type a)
insecure resistant (type c)

Question 24

what % of UK babies are securely attached

Answer 24

60 - 75%

Question 25

give 3 characteristics of a securely attached baby

Answer 25

explore happily but readily go back to their caregivers (moderate proximity seeking and secure based behaviour) shows moderate separation and stranger anxiety they require comfort from caregiver in reunion stage but are easily calmed

Question 26

what % of UK babies are insecure avoidant

Answer 26

20 - 25%

Question 27

give 3 characteristics of an insecure avoidant baby

Answer 27

explore freely but do not seek proximity or show secure based behaviour (low proximity seeking but high exploration) little separation and stranger anxiety make little effort to make contact when caregiver returns so they tend to ignore caregiver

Question 28

what % of UK babies are insecure resistant

Answer 28

3%

Question 29

give 3 characteristics of an insecure resistant babies

Answer 29

seek greater proximity so explore less (great proximity seeking low exploration/secure base) high levels of separation and stranger anxiety resist comfort when reunited with caregiver so are hard to calm

Question 30

what is the research support for the strange situation

Answer 30

94% observes agree on attachment type