Types of Disease

Question 1

Ring rot

Answer 1

Caused by bacterium
Affects potatoes and aubergines
Damages leaves and fruit

Question 2

Tobacco mosaic virus

Answer 2

Affects tobacco plants, tomatoes and cucumbers
Damages leaves flowers and fruits
Infected plants have stunted growth

Question 3

Potato blight

Answer 3

Caused by fungus

Infected plants experience cell death in leaves tubers and fruit

Question 4

Black Sigatoka

Answer 4

Caused by a fungus
Pathogen attacks leaves, leading to reduced yields of fruit
Affects Bananas

Question 5

Tuberculosis

Answer 5

Caused by bacterium

Damages lung tissue

Question 6

Meningitis

Answer 6

Caused by bacterium

Damages membrane around the brain

Question 7

HIV/AIDS

Answer 7

Caused by virus

Affects immune system

Question 8

Influenza

Answer 8

Caused by a virus

Destroys ciliated epithelial cells

Question 9

Malarial parasite

Answer 9

It is a protoctist

It invades erythrocytes and liver cells

Question 10

Ringworm

Answer 10

Caused by a fungus

Caused grey-white, crusty, circular patches of skin

Question 11

Athletes foot

Answer 11

Caused by a fungus

Causes cracking and scaling

Question 12

What shapes can bacteria be

Answer 12

Coma, corkscrew, rod, spiralled, spherical

Question 13

2 classifications of bacteria, and what colour each appears.

Answer 13

Gram positive, violet

Gram negative, red/orange

Question 14

Process by which bacteria reproduce

Answer 14

Asexual reproduction, binary fission

Question 15

Structure of viruses

Answer 15

DNA or RNA surrounded by Protein

0.02-0.3 micrometers in diameter

Question 16

How do viruses reproduce

Answer 16

Invade cells
Genetic material also of the virus takes over the biochemistry of the host cell making more viruses
Rapidly reproducing

Question 17

What are protoctists

Answer 17

Group of eukaryotic organisms with a variety of feeding methods.
Protists which cause disease are parasites.
Use people or animals as their host. Pathogenic protists may need a vector to transfer them.
Use people or animals as their host
Includes single cells organisms and cells group into colonies
% of protoctist act as pathogens causing disease

Question 18

How do fungi feed

Answer 18

Excrete enzymes onto their food which break it down.

Then absorb the nutrients

Question 19

2 main types of transmission

Answer 19

Direct transmission

Indirect transmission

Question 20

Examples of direct transmission

Answer 20

Direct contact
Inoculation
Ingestion

Question 21

Direct contact

Answer 21

Kissing, contact with other persons bodily fluids
Skin to skin contact
Microorganisms from faces transmitted on hands

Question 22

Inoculation

Answer 22

Through a break in the skin
From an animal bite
Through a puncture wound or sharring needles

Question 23

Ingestion

Answer 23

Taking in contaminated food and drink

Transferring pathogens from mouth to hands

Question 24

Indirect transmission examples

Answer 24

Fomites
Droplet infection
Vectors

Question 25

Fomites

Answer 25

Inanimate objects such as a table can transfer pathogens

Question 26

Droplet infections

Answer 26

Minute droplets of saliva and mucus are expelled from your mouth as you talk

Question 27

Vectors

Answer 27

Transmits pathogens from 1 host to another | Water is also a vector

Question 28

Factors affecting transmission in animals

Answer 28

- over crowded living + working conditions - poor nutrition - compromised immune system, HIV/AIDS, or needing immunosuppressive drugs after surgery - poor disposal of waste - climate change - culture, traditional medical practices - socioeconomic factors, lack of trained professionals

Question 29

Transmission of pathogen between plants

Answer 29

Direct transmission- direct contact of a healthy plant with any part of the diseased plant Indirect transmission- soil contamination, vectors( wind, water , animals and humans)

Question 30

Factors affecting the transmission of communicable diseases in plants

Answer 30

- planting varieties of crops that are susceptible to disease - over crowding, increases contact - poor mineral nutrition reduces resistance in plants - damp warm conditions increases survival of pathogens - climate change

Question 31

All diseases caused by bacterium

Answer 31

Ring rot Tuberculosis Meningitis

Question 32

All diseases caused by fungus

Answer 32

Black sigatoka, ring worm, athletes foot

Question 33

All diseases caused by virus

Answer 33

TMV, HIV/AIDS, influenza

Question 34

All diseases caused by protoctist

Answer 34

Malarial parasite, potato blight oomycete

Question 35

What is meant by a persons health

Answer 35

Absence of disease | Mental and physical well being