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Flashcards in Types Of LTM Deck (13)
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1
Q

What can LTM be divided into?

Hint - 2 catergories

A

Explicit and implicit memory

2
Q

What is explicit memory?

A

Fact based memory that can be consciously retrieved

‘Knowing what’

3
Q

Define implicit memory

A

Memories we are not consciously aware of.

‘Knowing how’

4
Q

What can explicit memory be divided into?

A

Episodic memory and semantic memory

5
Q

What is episodic memory?

3 points

A

Type of explicit memory

Memory for your personal experiences such as your first day at school

They have three details: emotion, context and details of the event

6
Q

What is semantic memory?

What can they start off as?

A

Type of explicit memory

For information about the world that is not liked to particular personal events. So it is shared memories for facts and knowledge

Semantic memories may start off as episodic memory because we gain knowledge from personal experiences but over time the memory may loose its association with the event and become a semantic memory.

7
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

Type of implicit memory

This is skills based memory eg knowing how to ride a bike

It is about remembering how to do something

Usual gained through repetition and practice

We are less aware of these memories because they have become automatic - they are implicit

8
Q

A03 - supporting evidence from brain scans?

Hint- parts of the brain?

A

Research shows different parts of brain active when different types of LTM used

Episodic memory - hippocampus and temporal lobe

Semantic - temporal lobe

Procedural - motor cortex and cerebellum

9
Q

A03 - supporting evidence from case studies of brain damaged patients

Hint - HM

A

He had an operation to reduce his epileptic fits which removed the hippocampus and destroyed part of his temporal lobe

Therefore could not form episodic or semantic memories but could form procedural memos

Could learn procedural skills but didn’t remember learning them e.g. mirror drawing

Error and time scores on mirror drawing task reduced after 3 days

First day 30 errors
Third day 1 error

10
Q

A03 supporting evidence from case studies of brain damaged patients

Hint - Clive wearing

A

Suffered infection that damaged hippocampus and temporal lobe

After couldn’t remember episodes of his life

Could still play piano (procedural memo) as cerebellum still in tact

11
Q

A03 criticism

Limitation of case study research method?

A

Each individual case study has unique characteristics so may not be able to generalise conclusions made about for example HM to rest of population

12
Q

What two case studies suggest more than one type of LTM as explicit memories were damaged but procedural memories intact?

A

Clive wearing and HM

13
Q

A03 strength - supporting evidence for distinction between episodic and semantic memories?

Hint - categories in explicit memory?

But??

A

Research has found some patients with Alzheimer’s disease can form new semantic memories but not episodic memories.

Suggests these two type of explicit memory are separate

BUT some say this isn’t enough evidence and that the reason for this is because episodic memories may place greater demands on mental processing which is why it is more affected by brain damage