Types of pain (3.1 Part A) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Types of pain (3.1 Part A) Deck (13)
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1
Q

What is involved in the Pain involves sensory pathway and may trigger psychological, autonomic and motor effect

A
  • Stimulus, Nociceptors
  • Transduction, conduction, transmission, Perception, Modulation​
  • Affective - Distress – psychological​
  • Autonomic – tachycardia, hypertension, respiratory distress​
  • Motor​
2
Q

What is involved in the Pain can be classified according to duration, location and site of referral

A
  • Visceral vs Somatic Pain
  • Nociceptive vs Neuropathic Pain​
  • Acute vs Chronic Pain –> Deep vs Superficial​
  • Referred Pain, Phantom Pain​
  • Hyperalgesia, Analgesia
3
Q

Describe the origin of pain and suffering? Define nociception

A

nociception: sensory nervous system’s response to certain harmful or potentially harmful stimuli.

4
Q

What is the difference between nociception and pain?

A

NOCICEPTION

  • Normal response to noxious stimuli
  • Including reflexes between the suprathreshold
  • Protect body from pain

PAIN

  • Only perceived when suprathreshold for the nociceptors to reach an action potential
  • Initiate the pain pathway is reached
  • Acute pain protective but chronic no benefit
5
Q

Describe nociceptors

A
  • Sensory receptors

Two main types

> A-delta fibers –> rapid and sharp

> C-fibers –> slow and dull

Location: Skin, viscera, muscles, joints and meninges

  • Detect harmful or noxious stimuli

Stimuli: mechanical, thermal, chemical –> pressure, touch, temperature, proprioception

–> Transmits electrical signal to CNS

6
Q

For Nocicepetive Pain;

A) What is it

B) Where are nociceptors found?

C) What are the types

D) How to treat?

E) What is the mechanism of nociceptive pain

A

A)

  • Detection of noxious stimuli by nociceptors (unlike neuropathic pain which may not require stimuli)

B)

  • Found in all parts of body –> high concentrations in skin, lining of gut, capsule of kidney

C)

  • Can be acute or chronic
  • Two main types include somatic and visceral pain

D)

  • Analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications

E)

  • Stimuli –> Nociceptors –> Transduction –> autonomic ganglion –> conduction to spinal cord –> transmission brain –> perception of pain
7
Q

For Neuropathic pain;

A) What causes it

B) what is Allodynia and Hyperalgesia

C) How is it classifed

D) What are some examples

E) How to treat

A

A)

  • Injury to nerve in the pain pathway in nervous system
  • Alteration in the process and modulation pain –> psychological factors
  • Persistent and chronic pain –> worsens by psychological factros

B)

  • Allodynia: Painful responses to a stimulus that is not normally painful
  • Hyperalgesia: Increased excitability and sensitivity to pain –> heightened responses to a normally painful stimulus (eg arthritic pain)

C)

  • Classified as either peripheral or central neuropathic pain

D)

  • Classified as either central or peripheral neuropathic pain

D)

  • Phantom limb pain (central neuropathic pain)
  • Diabetic neuropathy (peripheral neuropathic pain)

E)

  • Complex, antidepressants, opoids or some NSAIDs
8
Q

What is phantom limb pain (central neuropathic pain)?

A
  • Vivid perception that a limb that has been removed / amputated is still present and functioning
  • Often feel that the phantom limb is distorted or shorter than the original limb

Sensations felt

  • Tickling, irritation
  • Cramps
  • Shooting, piercing, or stabbing pain
  • Numbness
  • Pleasure
9
Q

Wha is acute pain?

A
  • Protective mechanism to alert individual of potential harmful tissue damage
  • Sudden onset, relief when stimulus removed
  • Transient /short duration –> seconds to days, up to 3 months
  • Associated with stimulation of ANS – mainly sympathetic –> increased heart rate and blood pressure, pupil dilation (fight or flight responses)
  • Anxiety
  • Acute pain arises from cutaneous, deep somatic or visceral –> called somatic, visceral or referred pain
10
Q

What is chronic pain?

A
  • Persistent pain, lasting for more than 3-6 months
  • Unlike acute pain, chronic pain serves no purpose and poorly understood –> cause suffering
  • Ongoing or intermittent
  • Absence of autonomic responses due to physiological adaption over prolong period
  • Associated with significant psychologic responses
  • Persistent inflammation and pain link to neuropathic pain
  • Increased irritability, depression, social isolation, decreased sleep and libido
11
Q

What is the difference between visceral and somatic pain?

A

Visceral pain

  • Location: visceral tissues, internal organs
  • Stimuli: pain and pressure
  • Sensation: diffused, dull, aching pain which is poorly defned

Somatic pain

  • Location: superficial arises from skin, deep arises from bones, joints, muscles, tendons and blood vessels
  • Stimuli: Touch, pressure, temperature, pain, proprioception
  • Sensation: sharp, burning (superficial), sharp radiating pain (deep)
12
Q

What is referred pain?

A
  • A pain that is perceived at a site which is different from the site of injury or origin of pain
  • Innervated by same spinal segment
  • Somatic and visceral afferents neurons converge on the same dorsal horn projection in spinal cord
13
Q

What is pain threshold and pain tolerance?

A
  • Pain is subjective
  • Threshold –> lowest intensity of pain recognised by individual
  • Tolerance –> duration or intensity individual can endure
  • Pain tolerance decrease with repeated exposure to stimuli
  • But increase with alcohol consumption and prolonged opioid medications