Types of programming language

Question 1

Programming Paradigm

Answer 1

“The word ‘paradigm’ means to describe an example or pattern. In a Computing context, this means to describe a computational way of doing things. So a Programming Paradigm is a style or way of programming. E.g. Low-Level languages, High-Level languages, Declarative languages are all examples of different programming paradigms.”

Question 2

Procedural Language

Answer 2

“Any high level language in which program statements can be grouped in self-contained blocks called procedures and functions. These procedures have their own variables, not accessible outside the procedure.”

Question 3

Assembly Language

Answer 3

“A language which is related very closely to the computer’s own machine code. ”

Question 4

Machine Code

Answer 4

“Set of all possible instructions made available by the hardware design of a particular processor. Closest to pure binary.”

Question 5

Low Level Language

Answer 5

“A language which is close to machine code. Related closely to the design of the machine.
A one-to-one language”

Question 6

High Level Language

Answer 6

“A language designed to help a programmer express a computer program in a way that reflects the problem that is being solved, rather than the details of how the computer will produce the solution.
One-to-many language.”

Question 7

LMC

“Little Man Computer”

Answer 7

“An instructional model of a computer, created by Dr. Stuart Madnick in 1965. The LMC is generally used to teach students, because it models a simple von Neumann architecture computer - which has all of the basic features of a modern computer. It can be programmed in machine code or assembly code”

Question 8

Immediate Addressing

Answer 8

“This is sometimes called an ‘immediate operand’. It is when the value in the address part of the instruction is the actual value to be used.
It means that the memory does not need to be searched for the value to be used.
In effect, the instruction ADD 10 actually does mean ‘add 10’, not ‘add whatever is in location 10”

Question 9

Direct Addressing

Answer 9

“Uses the data in the address field without alteration. This is the simplest method of addressing and also the most common.
In effect, the instruction ADD 10 means ‘go and find whatever is in location 10 and add it to the accumulator.”

Question 10

Indirect Addressing

Answer 10

“Uses the address field to hold the address of a location that contains the required address.
So, ADD 10 means ‘go to 10 in the memory’; in there you will find another address; go to this other address and read the data that you want to use.
This is very useful because it means that the larger addresses in memory can be used to store data.”

Question 11

Indexed Addressing

Answer 11

“Modifies the address (either a direct or an indirect address) in the address field by the addition of a number held in a special-purpose registers, called an index register, before the address is used. Index registers are quickly and easily altered providing an efficient way of accessing a range of memory locations, such as in an array.”

Question 12

OO

“Object Orientation”

Answer 12

“Looking at systems by classifying them into real world objects”

Question 13

OOP

“Object Oriented Programming”

Answer 13

“A method of programming which classifies real world objects into classes and encapsulates those objects attributes and behaviours.”

Question 14

Class

Answer 14

“A type definition of an object”

Question 15

Object

Answer 15

“An instance of a class.”

Question 16

Base Class

Answer 16

“Base class contains attributes and methods. It is the highest class and does not inherit from any other class.”

Question 17

Superclass

Answer 17

“A class that has been extended by another class. It allows the extending class to inherit its attributes and methods.”

Question 18

Subclass

Answer 18

“A class that extends another class. The subclass inherits the methods and attributes of the class it extends.”

Question 19

Derived Class

Answer 19

“A derived class is any class that inherits attributes and methods from any other derived class or base class.”

Question 20

Instantiation

Answer 20

“The process of creating an actual named instance of class. The instantiated named copy of the class in an object of that class.”

Question 21

Overriding

Answer 21

“A method in a subclass or derived class which has the same name as a method in one or more of its superclass’s. The method supersedes all other versions of the method above it in the inheritance tree.”

Question 22

Method

Answer 22

“A program routine contained within an object designed to perform a particular task on the data within the object. A method can broadly be thought of as a procedure / function from more traditional procedural programming languages.”

Question 23

Attribute

Answer 23

“A single bit of data within an object”

Question 24

Inheritance

Answer 24

“When a derived class is defined it also has all the attributes and methods of the base class.”

Question 25

Encapsulation

Answer 25

“All of the object’s attributes are contained and hidden in the object and access to them is restricted to operations of that class.”

Question 26

Polymorphism

Answer 26

“Polymorphism, (from the Greek meaning “having multiple forms”) is the characteristic in OO programming of being able to assign a different meaning or usage to something in different contexts - specifically, to allow an object to have more than one form.”