types of reactions

Question 1

the formulae and combining powers of carbonate

Answer 1

formulae: CO3
combining power: -2

Question 2

the formulae and combining powers of nitrate

Answer 2

formulae: NO3
acid:HNO3
combining power: -1

Question 3

the formulae and combining powers of sulfate

Answer 3

formulae: SO4
acid:HSO4
combining power: -2

Question 4

the formulae and combining powers of hydroxide

Answer 4

formulae: OH
combining power: -1

Question 5

the formulae and combining powers of ammonium

Answer 5

formulae: NH4
combining power: +1

Question 6

Definition of oxidation

Answer 6

addition of oxygen

Question 7

Definition of reduction

Answer 7

removal of oxygen

Question 8

What is the formula for Hydrochloric acid

Answer 8

HCL

Question 9

what is the definition of neutralisation

Answer 9

an acid and a base make salt and water

Question 10

what is the definition of decomposition

Answer 10

a reaction when a substance breaks apart into two or more substances

Question 11

what is the definition of precipitation

Answer 11

a reaction where two solutions make a solid

Question 12

what is the definition of displacement

Answer 12

a reaction where less reactive element is replaced with a more reactive element in a compound

Question 13

how can you identify if a substance is an acid

Answer 13

acid always starts with H and bases

Question 14

How do you use reduction to extract metal

Answer 14

you can use reduction by reacting a metal oxide with a reducing agent

Question 15

Recall the colors of universal indicator

Answer 15

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple

Question 16

Recall the colors of phenolphthalein

Answer 16

pink/ magnate colour for base and transparent for all others

Question 17

how do you measure rate of reaction using vol of gas

Answer 17

Collect the gas in a gas syringe and measure how much gas was collected within 20s.

Question 18

Describe how neutralisation can be used to prepare a salt by titration

Answer 18

Measure HCL (conical flask) add 3 drops phenolphthalein, mixture will turn colourless. using pipette add drops of NaOH slowly into acid until turns permanent pink colour. Record volume of NaOH required for neutralisation. re-measure HCL and add reaquired NaOH (with no indicator), heat solution until most water is evaporated. Leave solution to crystallise

Question 19

recall the general equation for the decomposition of metal carbonate

Answer 19

metal carbonate (+ energy) –> metal oxide + carbon dioxide

Question 20

recall the patterns in thermal stability of metal carbonates

Answer 20

group 2 metal carbonates are unstable (decompose)
group 1 metal carbonates are stable (do not decompose)

Question 21

Describe how salts can be prepared through precipitation

Answer 21

react 2 aqueous salts. they will produce a insoluble salt which can be filtered out.

Question 22

what is the chemical test for hydrogen?

Answer 22

test: buring splint
result: expoldes

Question 23

chemical test for Oxygen

Answer 23

glowing splint, will reignite

Question 24

metal carbonate -

Answer 24

metaloxide + carbondioxide

Question 25

define 'endothermic'

Answer 25

a reaction that absorbs heat energy (temperature decreases)

Question 26

define 'exothermic'

Answer 26

a reaction that releases heat energy (temperature increases)

Question 27

what is the chemical test for carbon dioxide?

Answer 27

test: lime water result: turns cloudy

Question 28

What observations can be used to measure the rate of reaction

Answer 28

effervescing, solid disappearing, mass change, colour change

Question 29

what methods can be used to change the rate of reaction?

Answer 29

1.surface area 2.concentration (of solution) 3. Temperature 4. Catalyst

Question 30

What is the test for chlorine

Answer 30

test: damp universal indicator paper result: yellow - red - white

Question 31

metal + acid

Answer 31

salt + hydorgen

Question 32

what is the chemical test for oxygen

Answer 32

test: Glowing splint Result: Splint reignites

Question 33

What chemicals are acids? (name and formula)

Answer 33

Hydrochloride (HCL) Nitric (HNO3) Sulfuric (H2SO4) non-metal oxide

Question 34

describe the requirements for particles to react during collisions

Answer 34

sufficient energy and the correct orientation

Question 35

explain how surface area affects the rate of reaction

Answer 35

greater surface area -> particles more frequently in the correct orientation -> react more frequently-> rate or reaction increases

Question 36

explain how concentration affects the rate of reaction

Answer 36

greater concentration -> more particles dissolved in water ->more collisions (react more frequently)-> rate or reaction increases

Question 37

explain how temperature affects the rate of reaction

Answer 37

greater temperature -> particles more often have sufficient energy -> react more frequently-> rate or reaction increases

Question 38

define the term catalyst

Answer 38

a chemical which speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up. catalysts are specific to individual reactions