Types of Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Question 1

How are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 1

from the cooling of liquid rock

Question 2

What determines which igneous rock is formed?

Answer 2

how fast it cools and the composition or melted rock

Question 3

What’s the difference between magma and lava?

Answer 3

magma is under the surface and lava is above

Question 4

Intrusive igneous

Answer 4

form deep beneath the surface and have been cooling for millions of years

Question 5

What are intrusive igneous rocks characterized by?

Answer 5

large crystals

Question 6

Example of intrusive igneous

Answer 6

granite

Question 7

Extrusive igneous

Answer 7

forms on the surface of the earth; when lava erupts out of a volcano it cools quick and there is little to no crystal growth

Question 8

Example of extrusive igneous

Answer 8

obsidian, pumice

Question 9

texture

Answer 9

how big the crystals are in an igneous rock

Question 10

coarse-grained

Answer 10

large crystals, slow cooling

Question 11

porphyritic

Answer 11

both large and small crystals, slow cooling with different minerals

Question 12

fine-grained

Answer 12

small crystals, fast cooling

Question 13

glassy

Answer 13

no crystals, instant cooling

Question 14

composition

Answer 14

deals with the chemical make-up of the rock

Question 15

What are the most common mineral on Earth?

Answer 15

silicates

Question 16

felsic

Answer 16

(light) rock made up mostly of silicates, over 65% silica

Question 17

Andesitic

Answer 17

(medium) rock that is half dark/light, between 55-65% silica

Question 18

Mafic

Answer 18

(dark) rock that is rich in Fe and Mg, between 45-55% silica

Question 19

Ultra

Answer 19

rocks rich in Fe and Mg, under 45% silica

Question 20

sedimentary rocks

Answer 20

made from an accumulation of various types of sediments

Question 21

what is sediment?

Answer 21

fragments that result from the breaking (weathering) of rocks, minerals, and organic matter

Question 22

sediment ex

Answer 22

gravel, clay, silt, pebbles, sand, mud, shells, dirt

Question 23

where does most sedimentary rock form?

Answer 23

underwater

Question 24

sedimentary rock that forms underwater ex

Answer 24

limestone, halite

Question 25

compaction

Answer 25

sediments are pushed together and as a result, water and air are squeezed out

Question 26

cementation

Answer 26

water passes through the sediments and dissolved minerals left behind act as a cement to hold the sediments together

Question 27

precipitation

Answer 27

minerals clump together and fall out of solution

Question 28

evaporation

Answer 28

water evaporates and leaves dissolved minerals behind

Question 29

what are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 29

clastic, chemical, and organic

Question 30

clastic rock formation

Answer 30

formed from fragments of other rocks which have been weathered and eroded

Question 31

clastic rocks are classified by...

Answer 31

size of sediments

Question 32

clastic rock examples

Answer 32

sandstone, shale, conglomerate, breccia

Question 33

chemical rock formation

Answer 33

formed from minerals that were once dissolved in water

Question 34

chemical rocks are classified by...

Answer 34

mineral composition

Question 35

chemical rock examples

Answer 35

chemical limestone, gypsum, and halite

Question 36

organic rock formation

Answer 36

formed from the remains or traces of animals and/or plants

Question 37

organic rock examples

Answer 37

coal (plants), chalk (animal skeletons), limestone (shells)

Question 38

what are some features of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 38

stratification, ripple marks, and fossils

Question 39

stratification

Answer 39

(aka layering) occurs when there is a change in the kind of sediment deposited

Question 40

ripple marks

Answer 40

formed from the action of wind or water on sand (seen in sandstone)

Question 41

fossils

Answer 41

remains or traces of plants and/or animals

Question 42

metamorphic rock formation

Answer 42

formed from other rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) as a result of intense heat (from magma) and pressure (plate tectonics)

Question 43

Where are most metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 43

below the surface

Question 44

what are the 2 ways a metamorphic rock can form?

Answer 44

contact metamorphism or regional metamorphism

Question 45

contact metamorphism

Answer 45

occurs when hot magma pushes through existing rock and changes the structure and composition of the surrounding rock; the original minerals may form larger crystals

Question 46

regional metamorphism

Answer 46

occurs when tectonic plates push against each other causing heat and pressure that chemically changes the minerals in the rock

Question 47

Which type of metamorphism is most common?

Answer 47

regional metamorphism

Question 48

foliated metamorphic rock

Answer 48

pressure flattens the mineral crystals and pushes into parallel bands- different densities separate into different bands

Question 49

foliated metamorphic rock example

Answer 49

slate, schist, gneiss

Question 50

nonfoliated metamorphic rock

Answer 50

no visible parallel bands

Question 51

nonfoliated metamorphic rock example

Answer 51

quartzite, marble

Question 52

rock cycle

Answer 52

rock minerals are constantly being recycled and each rock type can become a different type on its journey through the rock cycle

Question 53

the energy that drives the rock cycle

Answer 53

heat, mechanical

Question 54

forces responsible for the three major rock types

Answer 54

weathering and erosion, heat and pressure, and melting, desposition and bedding, and foliation

Question 55

weathering and erosion

Answer 55

create sediment

Question 56

desposition and bedding

Answer 56

sediment is desposited

Question 57

heat and pressure

Answer 57

transform parent rock

Question 58

heat and pressure

Answer 58

transform parent rock

Question 59

foliation

Answer 59

minerals pushed into bands

Question 60

melting

Answer 60

turns the material into magma/lava