Typhoon

Question 1

A synoptic-scale cyclone developing
over tropical and sub-tropical waters at any level with organized
circulation.

Answer 1

Tropical Cyclone

Question 2

North Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific, South Pacific uses this term

Answer 2

hurricanes

Question 3

Reach maximum intensity over warm tropical waters.

Answer 3

Intensity

Question 4

Begin to weaken when moving inland.

Answer 4

Weakening

Question 5

Pressure measures the weight of the air above an area.

Answer 5

Pressure and air weight

Question 6

Leads to increased convergence due to a higher pressure gradient.

Answer 6

Reduced surface pressure

Question 7

As long as favorable conditions persist, this process continues to strengthen

Answer 7

Self-reinforcing process

Question 8

15% of all tropical cyclones

Answer 8

Eastern Pacific Ocean

Question 9

hurricanes often form near the coast of Africa

Answer 9

Cape Verde

Question 10

30% of all tropical cyclones

Answer 10

Western Pacific Ocean

Question 11

24% of all
tropical cyclones

Answer 11

Indian Ocean

Question 12

12% of all tropical cyclones

Answer 12

Southern Pacific Ocean

Question 13

Approximately 12% of all tropical cyclones

Answer 13

Atlantic Ocean

Question 14

The paths of hurricanes are influenced by existing low and
high-pressure systems.
* The Coriolis force plays a crucial role

Answer 14

Steering of hurricane paths

Question 15

Hurricanes typically form near, but not directly at the
equator

Answer 15

Hurricane development near the equator

Question 16

• In the Northern Hemisphere, it causes storms to turn to the
  right.
• In the Southern Hemisphere, it causes storms to turn to the
  left.

Answer 16

Coriolis force effect

Question 17

is a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall or water
availability in a specific region, leading to water scarcity and often
resulting in adverse effects on the environment, agriculture, and
human livelihoods.

Answer 17

Drought

Question 18

is a severe and prolonged shortage of food in a specific
geographic area, leading to widespread hunger and malnutrition,
which can result in illness, death, and a humanitarian crisis.

Answer 18

Famine

Question 19

is a climate phenomenon that occurs in the tropical Pacific
Ocean and can have significant impacts on weather and climate
patterns around the world.

Answer 19

El Niño

Question 20

The name “El Niño” means

Answer 20

“The Little Boy” or “Christ Child”

Question 21

is the opposite phase of ENSO and is characterized by
cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and
eastern equatorial Pacific. It often has contrasting impacts on
weather patterns compared to El Niño.

Answer 21

La Niña

Question 22

Tornadoes form within this rotating air, typically at the rear flank of the thunderstorm. They
extend downward from the thundercloud and may occasionally reach the surface.

Answer 22

Tornado Formation

Question 23

Tornadoes travel at velocities ranging from stationary to 110 km/hr, with cyclonic wind
speeds reaching up to 500 km/hr. Their diameters can vary from a few tens of meters to 1.5 km. Tornadoes do not
always remain in contact with the ground for extended periods but may skip across the surface as the
thunderstorm moves.

Answer 23

Tornado Characteristics

Question 24

As the thunderstorm develops, strong updrafts of warm air lift the rotating
air into a more vertical position within the thundercloud, causing a portion of the thundercloud to rotate around a
vortex in a counterclockwise direction.

Answer 24

Transformation within Thunderstorm

Question 25

Prior to the thunderstorm's development, strong high-level winds blowing to the west initiate a spinning flow near the Earth's surface. This spinning flow takes the form of an invisible horizontally oriented cylinder.

Answer 25

Spinning Flow Initiation

Question 26

are funnel shaped clouds that are associated with thunderstorms

Answer 26

Tornado

Question 27

sudden and powerful electrical discharge in the atmosphere, typically accompanied by a bright flash of light and a loud crackling sound (thunder). -occurs due to the discharge of electrical energy within a thunderstorm or other atmospheric conditions.

Answer 27

Lightning

Question 28

Water droplets and ice crystals within the thunderstorm collide and create friction, separating positive charges at the top of the cloud and negative charges at the bottom of the cloud.

Answer 28

Electrostatic Charges:

Question 29

This charge separation results in the formation of an electrical charge gradient within the cloud, with negative charges accumulating near the bottom and positive charges near the top.

Answer 29

Development of Charge Gradient

Question 30

As the charge separation continues, a stepped leader forms, extending downward from the cloud. This is a channel of ionized air, seeking a path to connect with an oppositely charged object on the ground.

Answer 30

Stepped Leader

Question 31

When the stepped leader connects with a positively charged object on the ground, it completes the electrical circuit. A powerful return stroke then travels back up the stepped leader, creating a visible lightning bolt and releasing a tremendous amount of energy.

Answer 31

Return Stroke

Question 32

is the sound produced by the shockwaves created by lightning. Since light travels faster than sound, we see the lightning flash before hearing the accompanying thunder.

Answer 32

Thunder

Question 33

a rain of semi-spherical, concentrically layered ice balls that are dropped from some thunderstorms.

Answer 33

Hail

Question 34

are driven by heavy winds in tropical cyclones.

Answer 34

storm surges

Question 35

is the primary factor influencing the height of the storm surge.

Answer 35

Wind speed

Question 36

such a storm would produce extreme damage all along the right-hand side of its track, with bands of decreasing damage occurring both to the left and right of the track.

Answer 36

Coast-normal Hurricane Track

Question 37

from such a track extensive damage would occur along the coastline closest to the storm, with bands of lesser damage extending inland. Since this track (upper diagram) has the most intense winds offshore (on the right side of the hurricane), the coast would not feel the highest wind velocities

Answer 37

Coast-parallel Hurricane Track

Question 38

Tornadoes have wind velocities higher than hurricanes (up to 500 km/hr) but affect a much smaller area than hurricanes.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Tornadoes have wind velocities higher than hurricanes (up to 400 km/hr) but affect a much smaller area than hurricanes.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

The intensity of a tornado is classified by the Fujita tornado intensity scale

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Thunderstorms can occur as double cells (with one cloud mass) or multiple cells (several clouds moving along a similar path).

Answer 41

False

Question 42

Common locations for thunderstorm formation include along cold fronts and areas with daytime heating, which creates hot air near the Earth's surface.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Thunderstorms occur when cold, moist air becomes less dense than the surrounding air due to heating

Answer 43

False

Question 44

The timing of the storm's landfall relative to the tide cycle is important, as low tide can amplify the storm surge.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Coastal shape and underwater features influence the extent and height of the surge.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

The high pressure in the eye of the storm can contribute to a minor rise in sea level, but it's usually overshadowed by the wind-driven surge.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

The left side of a moving storm (in the Northern Hemisphere) typically experiences the strongest winds and, consequently, a higher storm surge.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

is the primary factor influencing the height of the storm surge.

Answer 48

Wind speed

Question 49

Strong winds push ocean water toward shallow coastal areas, causing sea level to rise.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Storm surges are driven by heavy winds in tropical cyclones.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Predicting hurricane intensity (wind speed) is more problematic due to the complexity of the factors involved.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Hurricanes continuously change their intensity as they encounter different environments, making intensity forecasting challenging.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Environmental factors, such as the influence of moist, can cause rapid changes in intensity just before landfall.

Answer 53

False

Question 54

Modern methods of weather forecasting involving satellites, radar, and computer models have significantly improved the tracking and prediction of hurricanes

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Initially headed toward New Orleans but turned east, stalled south of Pensacola, Florida, and eventually struck Biloxi, Mississippi, causing substantial damages.

Answer 55

Hurricane Elena (1985)

Question 56

Crossed Florida, weakened over land, strengthened in the Atlantic, and hit Long Island, New York, resulting in significant damages.

Answer 56

Hurricane Donna (1960)

Question 57

Moved across southern Florida and Louisiana, causing substantial damages and loss of life.

Answer 57

Hurricane Andrew (1992)

Question 58

Took a complex track from the Caribbean Islands to the Gulf of Mexico, causing significant damage in Florida and Louisiana.

Answer 58

Hurricane Betsy (1965):

Question 59

Near the equator, hurricanes are pushed by wester trade winds with relatively high storm center velocities (8 to 32 km/hr).

Answer 59

False

Question 60

Hurricanes can follow erratic paths influenced by largescale air masses.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

lower-level winds' strength and direction are significant factors.

Answer 61

False

Question 62

Strong upper-level winds can shear the top of a hurricane, weakening the storm.

Answer 62

True

Question 63

Predicting landfall is often challenging until just hours before it occurs.

Answer 63

True

Question 64

Cyclones and developing tropical disturbances are monitored very closely which has drastically reduced the number of cyclone-related deaths in the last decades.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

Similar to the Richter scale for earthquakes, damage doesn't increase linearly with hurricane category.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

Storm surge and associated flooding are minor contributors to casualties.

Answer 66

False

Question 67

High winds damage structures, vegetation, and crops based on the Saffir-Simpson scale.

Answer 67

True

Question 68

There is often huge correlation between hurricane intensity (measured by maximum sustained winds or central pressure) and size.

Answer 68

False

Question 69

Eastern Southern Indian Ocean referred tropical cyclone to as

Answer 69

willy-willy

Question 70

Western North Pacific Ocean named tropical cyclone as

Answer 70

typhoons