U W U

Question 1

Who is our regional entity?

Answer 1

WECC

Question 2

What AGC do? 3 things

Answer 2

• auto adjusts generation from a central location
• uses computer to maintain load/gen balance
• uses error signal called “area control error” to function

Question 3

3 modes of AGC

Answer 3

• tie line
• flat frequency
• flat tie line

Question 4

What does a fault recorder do?

Answer 4

Logs critical current and voltage at time of fault

Question 5

On what principle does a transformer operate

Answer 5

Magnetic induction

Question 6

Do both reactors and capacitors absorb vars?

Answer 6

NO

Capacitors add vars, reactors absorb

Question 7

Which has higher resistance, copper or aluminum

Answer 7

Aluminum

Question 8

Definition of charging current (write it out)

Answer 8

Current that flows due to alternate charge and discharge of the line due to alternating voltage,

regardless of whether the circuit is closed or open-ended

Question 9

List 5 wecc areas

Answer 9

• northwest
• rocky mountain
• great basin
• southwest
• california

Question 10

Define power factor

Answer 10

Pf= true power
—————–
apparent power

Question 11

Do transformers make electricity

Answer 11

No

Question 12

List 3 losses in a transformer

Answer 12

Hysteresis, eddy, copper I2R

Question 13

What is an autotransformer

Answer 13

Single winding transformer that divides into 2 sections

Question 14

What is an Instrument transformer

Answer 14

Steps down values to be read by meters

Question 15

Power transformer

Answer 15

Transfers power w/voltages over 69kV

Question 16

How do differential relays operate

Answer 16

Observes the incoming and outgoing currents and compares the differences

Question 17

Does a bird landing on a wire cause a fault

Answer 17

No

Question 18

4 transformer connection types, which types have phase shift and which don’t?

Answer 18

Delta-delta, wye-wye have no phase shift

Delta-wye or wye-delta have 30 degree phase shift

Question 19

What do differential relays protect, list 3

Answer 19

• generators
• transformers
• bus sections

Question 20

What happens to frequency if a system is overgenerating

Answer 20

Frequency increases

Question 21

What is unit capability

Answer 21

Maz megawatts a generator can produce safely

Question 22

What is response rate

Answer 22

Rate of load change a generating unit can achieve for normal operating purposes

Question 23

What is heat rate

Answer 23

Amount of heat in BTUs required to produce 1 kwH of electrical output

Question 24

What is efficiency

Answer 24

Measure of how much output is received for a given input

Question 25

What is minimum load

Answer 25

Minimum amount of generation a generator can produce

Question 26

Function of RAS (list 4)

Answer 26

- tripping selected generator units - shedding load - insetting capacitor or dynamic braking resistors - tripping selected transmission lines

Question 27

What is loop flow synonymous with

Answer 27

Parallel flow

Question 28

What type of equipment os included in BES (List 4)

Answer 28

- individual generation resources over 20 mVA, or plant greater than 75mVA connected via a step up transformer to facilities operated 100kV or higher - lines operated at 100kV+ - transformers w/ 100kv+ (primary and secondary) - associated equipment that could automatically trip a BES facility

Question 29

Solve for an unknown using Ohms law

Answer 29

Remember E = I x R

Question 30

What part of a generator is stationary

Answer 30

Stator

Question 31

Solve for an unknown using transformer turns ratios

Answer 31

Remember voltage proportional to turns

Question 32

Difference between switchyard and substation

Answer 32

Switchyard doesn't have transformers

Question 33

Do capacitors increase or decrease indictive reactance

Answer 33

Decrease

Question 34

List 4 sources of reactive power

Answer 34

- shunt capacitor - overexcited generators - line capacitance - synchronous condensors

Question 35

Operating principles Which one measures distance from relay to location of fault (Impedance)

Answer 35

Distance relays

Question 36

Operating principles At each terminal; trips their associated circuit breaker unless a blocking signal is received

Answer 36

Directional comparison relay

Question 37

Operating principles When relays at one end detect a fault, the pilot channel is turned on to signal to the other end that a fault has occured

Answer 37

Transfer trip

Question 38

Operating principle Uses overcurrent fault detecting relays to compare the relative phase angles

Answer 38

Phase comparison