U1-2 - Atomic Bonding and Structure

Question 1

Name of group 1 in the periodic table

Answer 1

Alkali metals

Question 2

Name of group 7 in the period table

Answer 2

Halogens

Question 3

Name of group 0/8 in the periodic table

Answer 3

Noble gases

Question 4

List the diatomic elements (there are 7)

Answer 4

H₂ N₂ O₂ F₂ Cl₂ Br₂ I₂

Question 5

A proton has a mass of ….. and a charge of …. .

Answer 5

mass = 1

charge = +1

Question 6

A neutron has a mass of …. and a charge of …. .

Answer 6

mass = 1

charge = 0

Question 7

An electron has a mass of …. and a charge of …. .

Answer 7

mass = 0

charge = -1

Question 8

Atomic number

Answer 8

The number of protons. Defines an element.

Question 9

Mass number

Answer 9

The number of protons and neutrons

Question 10

Why are atoms neutral?

Answer 10

Equal number of protons and electrons.

+ and - charges cancel out.

Question 11

In the nuclide notation shown, 17 is the …

Answer 11

Atomic number

Question 12

In the nuclide notation shown, 35 is the …

Answer 12

Mass number

Question 13

What is a valence electron?

Answer 13

An electron in the outermost electron shell (furthest from the nucleus).

Question 14

Ion

Answer 14

A charged atom formed when an atom has gained or lost electrons

Question 15

Why do atoms form ions?

Answer 15

To gain a full outer shell of electrons.

This makes them more stable.

Question 16

Ions have the same electron arrangement as the nearest ….

Answer 16

Noble gas

Question 17

Explain why noble gases do not form ions.

Answer 17

They already have a full outer shell.

Question 18

The number of protons. Defines an element.

Answer 18

Atomic number

Question 19

The number of protons and neutrons

Answer 19

Mass number

Question 20

A charged atom formed when an atom has gained or lost electrons

Answer 20

Ion

Question 21

Isotopes

Answer 21

Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Question 22

State the structure of noble gases.

Answer 22

Monatomic (exist as single atoms).

Question 23

Give the definition of a covalent bond.

Answer 23

A covalent bond forms when two positive nuclei are held together by their common attraction for a shared pair of electrons.

Question 24

Draw a diagram, showing all outer electrons, to represent a molecule of ammonia, NH₃.

Answer 24

Question 25

**Shape** of a molecule containing **2 atoms**

Answer 25

Linear

Question 26

**Shape** of a molecule containing **3 atoms**

Answer 26

Angular

Question 27

**Shape** of a molecule containing **4 atoms**

Answer 27

Trigonal pyramidal

Question 28

**Shape** of a molecule containing **5 atoms**

Answer 28

Tetrahedral

Question 29

Atoms with the same **atomic number** but different **mass numbers**.

Answer 29

Isotopes

Question 30

This type of structure is made of **discrete molecules.**

Answer 30

Covalent molecular

Question 31

This type of structure is made up of **thousands of atoms** bonded together.

Answer 31

Covalent network

Question 32

Low melting point: molecular or network?

Answer 32

Molecular

Question 33

Very high melting point: molecular or network?

Answer 33

Network

Question 34

Covalent **network** elements (3)

Answer 34

Boron, silicon, carbon

Question 35

Very hard and unreactive: molecular or network?

Answer 35

Network

Question 36

Structure of an **ionic solid**

Answer 36

Ionic lattice

Question 37

Type of **bond** formed between two **non-metals**

Answer 37

Covalent

Question 38

Type of **bond** formed between a **metal** an a **non-metal**

Answer 38

Ionic

Question 39

An ionic bond

Answer 39

The electrostatic **attraction** between **postive** and **negative** ions.

Question 40

Soluble in water: covalent network or ionic?

Answer 40

Ionic

Question 41

Conducts **electricity**: covalent molecular, network or ionic?

Answer 41

Ionic

Question 42

When can an **ionic** compound conduct **electricity**?

Answer 42

When **molten** or **dissolved**.

Question 43

The electrostatic **attraction** between **positive** and **negative** ions.

Answer 43

An ionic bond

Question 44

How do you calculate the **number of neutrons** in an atom?

Answer 44

**No. of neutrons** = Mass number – Atomic number

Question 45

Are **metal ions** positive or negative?

Answer 45

Positive

Question 46

Are **non-metal ions** positive or negative?

Answer 46

Negative

Question 47

The **charge number** of an ion is equal to the element's ...

Answer 47

**valency**. | (e.g. O has valency 2, and charge 2–)