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PE > U1 AOS1 > Flashcards

U1 AOS1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define physical activity

A 
Physical activity can occur in many ways which often include exercise and sport. 
Examples
- walking to the bus stop
- playing competitive soccer
- playing beach cricket
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2
Q

Define sport

A

Sport is organised and competitive physical activity that most commonly occurs in teams

  • AFL
  • marathon running
  • tennis
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3
Q

Define exercise

A 
Exercise is an activity requiring physical effort, carried out to sustain or improve health and fitness.
Examples 
- jogging
- swimming
- biking
Strength or resistance training exercises make your muscles stronger
- lifting weights
- using a resistance band
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4
Q

What does FITT stand for?

A

Frequency
- the number of physical activity during a specific time period
Intensity
- physiological effort associated with participating in a specific type of physical activity
Time (duration)
- time of participation in a single bout of physical activity
Type
- the type of physical activity being done

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5
Q

What are some examples of enablers to physical activity?

A
  • family and peers
  • socioeconomic status
  • education level
  • age
  • sex
  • cultural values
  • location/environment
  • safety
  • social support
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6
Q

Anatomical Term

Define superior

A

Closer to the head

eg. the shoulder joint is superior to the elbow joint

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7
Q

Anatomical Term

Define inferior

A

Closer to the feet

eg. the knee joint is inferior to the hip joint

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8
Q 
Anatomical Term
Define anterior (ventral)
A

Towards the front of the body

eg. the pectorals is anterior to the latissimus dorsi

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9
Q 
Anatomical Term
Define posterior (dorsal)
A

Towards the beck of the body

eg. the hamstrings are posterior to the quadriceps

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10
Q

Anatomical Term

Define medial

A

Towards the midline of the body

eg. the nose is medial to the ears

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11
Q

Anatomical Term

Define lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

eg. the ears are lateral to the eyes

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12
Q

Anatomical Term

Define proximal

A

A body part closer to its attachment point

eg. the elbow is proximal to the wrist

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13
Q

Anatomical Term

Define distal

A

A body part further away from the attachment point

eg. the wrist is distal to the forearm

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14
Q

Anatomical Term

Define superficial

A

A body part closer to the surface of the body than another

eg. when you sweat, your veins dilate and become more superficial

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15
Q

Anatomical Term

Define deep

A

A body part that is internal or further from the surface of the body than another
eg. hypothermia leads to vasoconstriction and the veins become more deeply positioned

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16
Q

Anatomical Term

Define palmar

A

The palm side of the hand

eg. when the radius and the ulna of the arm are crossed, the palmar part of the hand faces downwards

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17
Q

Anatomical Term

Define plantar

A

The sole side of the foot
eg. when the heel strikes the ground and you push off of your toes as you walk or run, you are using the plantar side of your feet

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18
Q

What are the five main sections of the vertebral column from top to bottom?

A
  • cervical vertebrae (7)
  • thoracic vertebrae (12)
  • lumbar vertebrae (5)
  • sacrum (5)
  • coccyx (4)
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19
Q

What are the three types of joints and how much movement do hey have?

A 
Fixed or Fibrous
- none
Cartilaginous
- slight
Synovial
- free
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20
Q

What are the six types of synovial joints?

A
  • pivot
  • gliding
  • ball and socket
  • hinge
  • saddle
  • condyloid
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21
Q

Synovial Joints

Describe pivot

A

A uniaxial joint that only allows rotation

  • rotation of one bone around another
    eg. atlas and axis (top vertebrae)
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22
Q

Synovial Joints

Describe gliding

A

Occurs where flat bones glide past each other, usually in biaxial manner

  • gliding movements
    eg. carpals and tarsals
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23
Q

Synovial Joints

Describe ball and socket

A

Occurs whee a rounded bone head articulates with a cup shaped cavity

  • flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal and external rotation
    eg. shoulder and hip
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24
Q

Synovial Joints

Describe hinge

A

An uniaxial joint

  • flexion, extension
    eg. knee and elbow
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25
Q

Synovial Joints

Describe saddle

A

Occurs where concave and convex bone surfaces align; generally biaxial

  • flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction
    eg. carpo-metacarpal joint of thumb
26
Q

Synovial Joints

Describe condyloid

A

Very similar to a hinge joint but also allows slight rotation; hence, biaxial

  • flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction
    eg. wrist
27
Q

Joint Movements

Describe flexion

A

The angle between articulating bones is decreased as flexion occurs
eg. bending elbow joint

28
Q

Joint Movements

Describe extension

A

The angle of the joint is increased

eg. straightening bent elbow

29
Q

Joint Movements

Describe abduction

A

Moving a body part away from the midline of the body

eg. raising arm to the left

30
Q

Joint Movements

Describe adduction

A

Moving a body part towards the midline of the body

eg. lowering your left arm

31
Q

Joint Movements

Describe rotation

A

When a bone turns on its own axis within a joint

32
Q

Joint Movements

Describe circumduction

A

When a limb moves in a circular fashion

33
Q

Joint Movements

Describe supination

A

When forearm is rotated so that the palm is facing up

34
Q

Joint Movements

Describe pronation

A

When forearm is rotated so that the palm is facing down

35
Q

Joint Movements

Describe dorsiflexion

A

When toes are pointing upwards

36
Q

Joint Movements

Describe plantarflexion

A

When toes are pointing downwards

37
Q

Joint Movements

Describe inversion

A

When foot is turned inwards

38
Q

Joint Movements

Describe eversion

A

When foot is turned outwards

39
Q

What are the three types of muscles

A
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth
40
Q

What are skeletal muscles?

A

The muscles are attached to the bones that make up the skeleton and are under our control (voluntary muscles)

41
Q

What are smooth muscles?

A

Found in blood vessels and walls of the intestines (involuntary muscles)

42
Q

What are cardiac muscles

A

Make up the walls of the heart (involuntary muscles)

43
Q

What do tendons connect

A

muscle to bone

44
Q

What to ligaments connect

A

bone to bone

45
Q

Describe the agonist antagonist relationship

A

The agonist contracts and causes the movement while the antagonist relaxes to allow the contraction of the agonist.

46
Q

What are the types fo muscle fibre arrangements

A
  • circular
  • convergent
  • parallel
  • pennate
    - ^fusiform
    - ^unipennate
    - ^bipennate
    - ^multipennate
47
Q

When are fast twitch muscle fibres recruited

A

If an immediate and rapid response is required (anerobic)

48
Q

When are slow twitch muscle fibres recruited

A

If it is lower intensity and not immediate action (aerobic)

49
Q

What are the three types fo muscle contractions

A
  • isotonic
  • isokentic
  • isometric
50
Q

Muscle contractions

Describe isotonic

A

There is a change of length, against resistance or force

51
Q

Muscle contractions

Describe isokinetic

A

The speed or velocity of movement is held constant regardless of the magnitude of force applied to the resistance.

52
Q

Muscle contractions

Describe isometric

A

Involves a muscle contraction against a force with no significant movement occurring

53
Q

What is the difference between concentric and eccentric ?

A

Eccentric
- lengthens
Concentric
- shortens

54
Q

Injury Classification

Describe chronic injuries

A

Last longer than 6 weeks and are associated with overuse of a particular are of the body over a period of time

55
Q

Injury Classification

Describe acute injuries

A

Last less than 6 weeks and occur suddenly and usually without warning

56
Q

Injury Classification

Describe acute direct injuries

A

The result of an external force and can be caused by collision or direct blow

57
Q

Injury Classification

Describe acute indirect injuries

A

Usually caused by a sudden change in direction or intensity

58
Q

What are some examples of protective equipment?

A
  • helmet
  • mouth guards
  • guards
  • footwear
  • eyewear
  • shin pads
  • shoulder padding
59
Q

What are some examples of legal performance enhancing methods

A
  • training
  • altitude training
  • resistance training
  • flexibility training
60
Q

What are some examples of illegal performance enhancing methods

A
  • anabolic steroids
  • growth hormones
  • EPO/blood doping
61
Q

What is WADA

A

World Anti-Doping Agency

PE (3 decks)

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