U1 Biology

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

controls what comes in and out of the cell. A protective layer surrounds each cell.

Question 2

centriole

Answer 2

these bundles of microtubules play a role in organizing the movement of chromosomes during cell division

only in animal cell

Question 3

cytoplasm

Answer 3

the cytoplasm includes everything between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane. This includes all of the organelles and a jelly-like substance called cytosol.

Question 4

Cytoskeleton

Answer 4

Aids in cell movement and gives the cell its shape.

Question 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 5

Responsible for manufacturing processing, and transporting chemical compounds used by the cell.

Question 6

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 6

A stack of membranes that collect and modify chemical compounds. It packages compounds to be used in other parts of the cell or exported outside the cell.

Question 7

Lysosome

Answer 7

Contains enzymes and chemicals that help digest materials brought into the cell. Breaks down old or nonfunctioning organelles. Formed by the Golgi apparatus.

only in animal cell

Question 8

Mitochondrion

Answer 8

the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell that converts nutrients into energy that can be used by the cell.

Question 9

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 9

A double-layered membrane surrounds and protects the nucleus of the cell. Allows molecules to move in and out of the nucleus.

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

found inside the nucleus, this organelle contains RNA and synthesizes ribosomes

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA and regulates gene expression

Question 12

Ribosome

Answer 12

found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and throughout the cytoplasm, these tiny structures are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 13

vacuole

Answer 13

a type of vesicle that stores water, salts, carbohydrates, and proteins. It plays a role in removing waste products from the cell.

Question 14

Vesicle

Answer 14

Created by golgi apparatus. Store and deliver nutrients and proteins. Transport nutrients and proteins out of the cell through the cell membrane.

Question 15

Cell wall

Answer 15

outermost layer that surrounds the cell membrane. Plays a role in protecting and supporting the cell.

only in plant cells

Question 16

Chloroplast

Answer 16

Converts the radiant energy of the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis

only in plant cells

Question 17

Plastid

Answer 17

Carry out many function in plant cells including photosynthesis, pigment synthesis and storage, and food storage. Contains DNA.

only in plant cells

Question 18

Plant cells - specialized cells

Answer 18

root hair cell
- function: to absorb water and minerals from the soil
- structure: large surface area

Palisade cell
- function: to carry out photosynthesis using energy from sunlight
- structure: lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 19

Animal cells - specialized cells

Answer 19

Sperm cell
- function: to fertilize an egg
- structure: lots of chloroplastic for photosynthesis

Red blood cell
- function: to carry oxygen around the body
- structure:
1. biconeave shape to easily move through blood vessels
2. large surface area for diffusion (for containing oxygen)
3. no nucleus

Question 20

reflex arc

Answer 20

stimulus
receptor
sensory neuron
relay neuron (no brain)
motor neuron
effector
response