U1) OS Introduction Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is an Operating System (OS)?
A system software that manages hardware and software resources and acts as an interface between user and computer.
Name any 3 types of Operating Systems.
Batch OS, Time-sharing OS, Distributed OS, Real-time OS.
Mention 3 services provided by an OS.
Program execution, I/O operations, File system manipulation.
What is the structure of a Monolithic OS?
All services are combined in one large kernel.
What is a Process?
A running instance of a program.
What does a Process Control Block (PCB) contain?
Information like process ID, state, registers, and program counter.
Name the process states.
New, Ready, Running, Waiting, Terminated.
What are the three multithreading models?
Many-to-One, One-to-One, Many-to-Many.
What is the purpose of process scheduling?
To decide the order of process execution for efficient CPU use.
Name any 3 CPU scheduling algorithms.
FCFS, SJF, Round Robin.
What is a Critical Section?
A part of the code where shared resources are accessed.
What are semaphores used for?
Controlling access to shared resources in concurrent processing.
What is Peterson’s solution?
A software-based solution for 2-process mutual exclusion.
Give an example of an IPC problem.
Producer-Consumer problem.
What is a Monitor?
High-level abstraction to manage process synchronization.
Define Atomic Transaction.
A group of operations that execute completely or not at all.
List 4 conditions for deadlock.
Mutual Exclusion, Hold and Wait, No Preemption, Circular Wait.
What is Banker’s Algorithm used for?
To avoid deadlock by checking if the system is in a safe state.
What is Deadlock Detection?
Identifying cycles in resource allocation graph to detect deadlocks.
Name two methods of Deadlock Recovery.
Process termination, Resource preemption.
