u11 Flashcards
to pass my exam :p (123 cards)
1
Q
In ___, the Indian National Congress adopted Gandhi’s strategy to boycott British goods
A
1920
2
Q
Why was the Salt March a turning point in India’s struggle for independence?
A
A foreign journalist gave the story an international audience
3
Q
During World War II, the Indian National Congress told citizens to
A
refuse to vote in elections.
4
Q
The salt march was in protest of
A
Britain’s requirement that India could only purchase salt from government sources.
5
Q
Indira Gandhi became India’s first female prime minister because
A
the people of India voted her in.
6
Q
Which of the following occurred as a result of India’s partition in 1947? Select all that apply.
A
Gandhi was assassinated.
and
Citizens began to riot.
7
Q
One of Jawaharlal Nehru’s first duties as India’s Prime Minister was to
A
improve living standards for Indians.
8
Q
Gandhi was trained to be a
A
lawyer
9
Q
Gandhi’s nickname, Mahatma, means
A
great soul
10
Q
Which of the following ended the post-partition fighting between Hindus and Muslims?
A
Gandhi’s protest hunger strike
11
Q
Why did Gandhi encourage Indians to weave their own cloth?
A
Textiles were a major source of income for Britain.
12
Q
One of Jawaharlal Nehru’s first duties as India’s Prime Minister was to
A
improve living standards for Indians.
13
Q
During World War II, the Indian National Congress told citizens to
A
refuse to vote in elections.
14
Q
Indira Gandhi became India’s first female prime minister because
A
the people of India voted her in.
15
Q
Why is Gandhi considered one of the most influential people of the twentieth century?
A
He inspired other leaders to be non-violent.
16
Q
Ten million people became
______ after India was partitioned.
A
refugees
17
Q
Which of the following events would most likely cause an increase in Indian nationalism?
A
Numerous Indian citizens are hurt when an office building is attacked by the British.
18
Q
If the United States was to be partitioned in the same way India was, the partition would be based on
A
religious groupings.
19
Q
The Salt March was in protest of
A
Britain’s requirement that India could only purchase salt from government sources.
20
Q
The economies of most African colonies were dependent on
A
one or two crops
21
Q
The large number of casualties in the Nigerian civil war can be attributed to
A
the many different factions at war with one another.
22
Q
Because there was very little investment in education, African colonies
A
had few leaders with government experience.
23
Q
What was a major contributor to unrest in Nigeria?
A
its many ethnicities and religions
24
Q
What can one conclude about the link between falling cacao crop prices and rising economic problems in Ghana?
A
The country was too dependent on exports of its cacao crop.
25
European nations benefited from African colonies’
labor and resources.
26
Jomo Kenyatta caused discontent during his rule in Kenya by
exhibiting favoritism toward the Kikuyu people.
27
What was the first step in Ghana’s independence?
Africans gained a majority in the parliament.
28
What was the purpose of pan-Africanism?
to unite people of African descent around the world
29
How did Nelson Mandela expand his anti-government activities in the 1960s?
He created a division dedicated to sabotage.
30
How did the international community respond to South Africa’s policies in the 1980s?
by refusing to buy South African goods
31
The African National Congress was founded to
unite non-white South Africans and further their cause.
32
South Africa became a democracy when a new constitution was written in
1994
33
The Sharpeville demonstration of 1960 resulted in
the deaths of sixty-nine people.
34
What type of government did European settlers create in South Africa in 1909?
a parliamentary government that excluded many citizens
35
In the early 1900s, European settlers in South Africa created
a system of segregation that split society.
36
During the colonial era, South African society became divided based on
race
37
The movement against apartheid in South Africa
was non-violent at first but became militant.
38
What were the economic consequences of apartheid in South Africa? Select three responses.
Black citizens had a very low standard of living
and
Black citizens could not own private property
and
The economy had a stagnant growth rate
39
What type of government did European settlers create in South Africa in 1909?
a parliamentary government that excluded many citizens
40
_______ belives that sabotage is a rational response to the apartheid system.
Nelson Mandela
41
The Sharpeville demonstration of 1960 resulted in
the deaths of sixty-nine people.
42
Which list correctly orders events in the rise and fall of apartheid in South Africa?
i. The Population Registration Act was signed.
ii. The Soweto Uprising sparked more protests.
iii. Frederik W. de Klerk brought about reforms.
iv. Nelson Mandela became the nation’s president.
43
The movement against apartheid in South Africa
was non-violent at first but became militant.
44
After returning to South Africa from Algeria in 1964, Nelson Mandela was
arrested and imprisoned.
45
How did Nelson Mandela expand his anti-government activities in the 1960s?
He created a division dedicated to sabotage.
46
How did the international community respond to South Africa’s policies in the 1980s?
by refusing to buy South African goods
47
South Africa became a democracy when a new constitution was written in
1994
48
The main reason Cárdenas nationalized Mexico’s oil industry was to
enable the country to get direct benefit from its vast supplies.
49
Who were two leaders of the rebel army during the Mexican Revolution?
Zapata and Villa.
50
What type of ideology has gained popularity throughout Latin America?
liberalism
51
Which best describes the difference between socialism and communism?
The government controls people’s lives under communism, while it provides certain services for citizens under socialism.
52
Which best describes how Mexican leaders sought to protect democratic rule after the country’s revolution?
They approved a new constitution.
53
Porfirio Diaz and Santa Anna each led Mexico after independence as
dictators.
54
Mexico experienced a series of liberal reforms in the 1860s instituted by
Benito Juarez.
55
Which actions did Fidel Castro take in Cuba after creating a communist system in 1959? Check all that apply.
He repressed the civil liberties of all citizens.
and
He nationalized the Cuban economy.
and
He forbade the selling of private property.
and
He prohibited free press in the country.
56
The dominant political party in Mexico for most of the twentieth century was the
Institutional Revolutionary Party
57
After being elected president of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez
strengthened ties with communist countries like Cuba.
58
The Venezuelan people gave Hugo Chavez a referendum to rewrite their constitution and implement
socialism.
59
Many Latin American countries in the twentieth century turned to
communism and socialism.
60
Which best describes how Mexican leaders sought to protect democratic rule after the country’s revolution?
They approved a new constitution.
61
Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz inspired a revolution in 1910 by using his power to
limit democracy and freedoms.
62
Which best explains how Hugo Chavez damaged democracy in Venezuela?
He increased authoritarianism in government.
63
After being elected president of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez
strengthened ties with communist countries like Cuba.
64
Mexico’s Constitution of 1917 helped the working class by
protecting the right to strike.
65
Which best describes the difference between socialism and communism?
The government controls people’s lives under communism, while it provides certain services for citizens under socialism.
66
After Cuba lost economic aid from the Soviet Union, Fidel Castro
allowed some economic reforms to occur.
67
Which did the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo do? Select three responses.
```
campaign for human rights
and
challenge government power
and
fight for truth and democracy
```
68
Which best summarizes the role the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo played in ending the Dirty War?
The Mothers played a major role in confronting the government and ending the war.
69
Which explains the political climate of Argentina after the Dirty War?
democratic free elections began and military rule ended
70
Chile became a democracy again in
1988
71
A result of Salvador Allende’s presidency in Chile was
an economic crisis.
72
A junta is defined as
a small group that controls the government.
73
The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo wore white head scarves as
a symbol of peace.
74
How did military leaders prevent democracy in Brazil? Select three responses.
```
They regulated political parties
and
They controlled elections
and
They arrested legislators
```
75
The political affiliation of Chile’s president in 1970, Salvador Allende, is best described as
socialist.
76
Following the end of military rule, Brazil created
a new constitution.
77
Which best summarizes the role the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo played in ending the Dirty War?
The Mothers played a major role in confronting the government and ending the war.
78
The political affiliation of Chile’s president in 1970, Salvador Allende, is best described as
socialist
79
Which best describes what military leaders in Argentina did to people who disagreed with their policies?
They kidnapped them.
80
After Brazil attempted to create a democracy, military rulers regained power in the 1960s and
took away human rights.
81
Which explains the political climate of Argentina after the Dirty War?
democratic free elections began and military rule ended
82
A junta is defined as
a small group that controls the government.
83
Why were the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo upset with Argentina’s military government?
Their children were missing.
84
Which explains how the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo affected Argentina?
They forced the government to hold free elections.
85
A result of Salvador Allende’s presidency in Chile was
an economic crisis.
86
Anti-Semitism in Europe during the 1880s caused many Jews to relocate to
Palestine.
87
Which countries attacked Israel during the Yom Kippur War in 1973?
Egypt and Syria
88
A subject many nations agree on regarding the Palestinians is that
they have a right to independence.
89
A result of the Arab-Israeli War during 1948-1949 was that
thousands of Palestinians became refugees.
90
Following the birth of Israel, why was it important that Jerusalem was placed under UN supervision?
Both Jews and Arabs considered it to be a holy city.
91
Which directly led to the first armed conflict between Arabs and Israelis?
the declaration of statehood by Israel in 1948
92
The US helped to negotiate a peace agreement in 1979 between Israel and
Egypt.
93
Which tactic did Palestinians use against Israel in 1987?
an intifada
94
The quote is from US President Barack Obama.
Among Israelis and Palestinians, the future must not belong to those who turn their backs on a prospect of peace. Let us leave behind those who thrive on conflict, those who reject the right of Israel to exist. The road is hard, but the destination is clear—a secure, Jewish state of Israel and an independent, prosperous Palestine.
What does the quote imply about reasons for Palestinian independence?
Palestinian independence is important for peace in the Middle East.
95
How did the Holocaust affect support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine?
It increased support greatly.
96
Which best explains how the division of Palestine in 1947 led to conflict between Jews and Arabs?
The division into Jewish and Arab states led Arabs to feel that Jews were taking their land.
97
Following the birth of Israel, why was it important that Jerusalem was placed under UN supervision?
Both Jews and Arabs considered it to be a holy city.
98
The quote is from US President Barack Obama.
Among Israelis and Palestinians, the future must not belong to those who turn their backs on a prospect of peace. Let us leave behind those who thrive on conflict, those who reject the right of Israel to exist. The road is hard, but the destination is clear—a secure, Jewish state of Israel and an independent, prosperous Palestine.
What does the quote imply about reasons for Palestinian independence?
Palestinian independence is important for peace in the Middle East.
99
Which countries attacked Israel during the Yom Kippur War in 1973?
Egypt and Syria
100
In ____________ Yasser Arafat and Israeli leaders shared the Nobel Peace Prize.
1994
101
Anti-Semitism in Europe during the 1880s caused many Jews to relocate to
Palestine
102
A result of the Arab-Israeli War during 1948-1949 was that
thousands of Palestinians became refugees.
103
Which tactic did Palestinians use against Israel in 1987?
an intifada
104
Which directly led to the first armed conflict between Arabs and Israelis?
the declaration of statehood by Israel in 1948
105
What led to widespread protests in Iran in 2009?
charges of election fraud
106
How did Iran change under Ayatollah Khomeini?
Religious leaders created official policy.
107
Why did Western nations become interested in Saudi Arabia during the twentieth century?
Oil was discovered on the Arabian peninsula.
108
What was one reform that helped transform Turkey in the 1920s?
The nation granted women the right to vote.
109
What is an ayatollah?
a religious leader of Iran
110
The Arab League was an organization established in 1945 to
coordinate political goals among six Arab nations.
111
Islamic clerics criticized the shah of Iran because they
disapproved of his Westernization policies.
112
Which statement best describes Hamas?
Hamas is a Palestinian group that opposes Israeli rule.
113
Today, the fundamentalist movement in the Middle East calls for
adherence to Islamic political traditions.
114
What were the causes of the Arab Spring movement? Check all that apply.
```
Protester opposed high poverty rates
and
Poverty opposed high unemployment
and Protestors wanted changes within government
and protestors rejected autocratic rule
```
115
How did Iran change under Ayatollah Khomeini?
Religious leaders created official policy.
116
Today, the fundamentalist movement in the Middle East calls for
adherence to Islamic political traditions.
117
What was an effect of the Arab Spring movement in Libya?
An armed insurrection against the regime led to the overthrow and death of Moammar Gadhafi.
118
What is an ayatollah?
a religious leader of Iran
119
The Arab League was an organization established in 1945 to
coordinate political goals among six Arab nations.
120
How did Reza Pahlavi differ from Ayatollah Khomeini?
Pahlavi pushed for westernization in Iran, while Khomeini brought about religious reform in that nation.
121
Islamic clerics criticized the shah of Iran because they
disapproved of his Westernization policies.
122
In the 1940s and 1950s, pan-Arabism grew in the Middle East in response to
growing influence from Western nations
123
What was one reform that helped transform Turkey in the 1920s?
The nation granted women the right to vote.
