U1.4 Cellular differentiation Flashcards
What is cellular differentiation?
The process where cells express only certain genes to produce proteins characteristic for that type of cell, allowing it to carry out specialised functions.
What are meristems?
Regions of unspecialised cells in plants that divide (self-renew) and/or differentiate.
What are stem cells?
Unspecialised cells that animals have that divide (self-renew) and/or differentiate.
What are the two types of stem cells in animals?
Embryonic or tissue.
How would you describe all cells in a very early enbryo?
Pluripotent- they can differentiate into all cell types.
State a characteristic of pluripotent cells.
They are able to switch on all genes.
Describe tissue cells/
They are multipotent and are involved in growth, repair and renewal of cells in a particular tissue.
How can stem cells be used?
Therapeutically to repair damaged or diseased organs or tissues.
State two examples of therapeutic uses of stem cells.
Corneal repair and the regeneration of damaged skin.
What can embryonic stem cells do under the right conditions in a lab?
Be cultured/ self renew.
What does research using stem cells as model cells allow?
The study of disease development and drug testing.
What information does research using stem cells provide?
Information on cell processes including growth, differentiation and gene regulation.
What can the use of embryonic stem cells offer?
Effective treatments for disease and injury
What are the ethical/ moral issues involved in using embryonic stem cells?
It involves destruction of embryos.
