U1AOS1 Organelles Flashcards
Nucleus
Role:
- contains most of the genetic information of the cell (DNA)
Structure:
- membrane bound
- surrounded by nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Role:
- makes ribosomes
Structure:
- found within the nucleus
- not membrane bound
- not technically an organelle
Ribosomes
Role:
- where proteins are made
Structure:
- 60% of the structure is made of ribosomal RNA
- 40% made of protein
- non membrane bound and argued to not be an organelle
Endoplasmic reticulum
Role:
- transport network that lets the cell move things around the cell
Structure:
- network of membranous channels
Rough ER
Role:
- moves proteins usually
Structure:
- has ribosomes on it
Smooth ER
Role:
- movement of non-proteins (lipids, fats)
Structure:
- no ribosomes
Mitochondrion
Role:
- site of aerobic cellular respiration
- where ATP is produced
- provides energy for the other organelles
Structure:
- surrounded by double membrane
- contains on DNA on circular chromosome
- folded inner membrane
Lysosomes
Role:
- Delivers digestive enzymes to worn out organelles
Structure:
- small membrane bound vesicles
- animal cells only
Golgi apparatus
Role:
- modifies and packages proteins to be exported from the cell
Structure:
- looks like a stack of pancakes
Centriole
Role:
- organises spindle fibers
Structure:
- animal cells only
- 2 per animal cell arranged at right angles to each other
Cilia and flagella
Role:
- propel a cell through the fluid
Structure:
- tail from the cell
- form a whip like structure
- eg. sperm
Chloroplasts
Role:
- site of photosynthesis
- create glucose (chemical energy source)
- make the plant cell green
Structure:
- large organelles
- bound by two layers of membrane
- plant cells only
- contain chlorophyll
- full of membrane bound sacs
Large vacuole
Role:
- stores water
- gives the plant structure
Structure:
- Plant cells only
- contains dissolved ions
Cytoplasm and cytosol
Role:
- fluid in the cell for the organelles
Structure:
Cytosol- only the fluid
Cytoplasm- includes the organelles
