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U2 REPRO Flashcards

1
Q

how long should you take levonelle one after UPSI?

A

within 12 hrs and no longer than 72hrs

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2
Q

what is the usual dose of levonelle one?

A

1.5mg - double to 3mg if taken a enzyme inducer in past 4 weeks

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3
Q

at what point would you need to conduct a feticide?

A

after 21 weeks and 6 days

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4
Q

when would you need to repeat mifipristone?

A

if abortion hasnt occured at 12-24 weeks - give mifipistone 3 hours after last misoprostol

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5
Q

what is arthrotec?

A

NSAID diclofenac and misoroprostal - gastroprotectant

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6
Q

what are isotretinoin prescriptions limited to for women of child bearing potentional?

A

30 days - as can cause miscarriages and each px is only valid for 7 days

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7
Q

2nd line treatment for dysmenorrheoa involves contraception which is contraindicated when?

A

obesity, high BP and significant family hx of VTE

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8
Q

what are frequent causative agents of secondary dysmenorrheao?

A

chlamydia and gonorrhoea

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9
Q

what 3 categories is the aetiology of menorrhagia divided into?

A

(1) pelvic pathology (2) dysfunctional uterine bleeding (3) systemic diseases e.g. hypothyroidism

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10
Q

treatment options for menorrhagia?

A

NSAIDs, Levonogesteral releasing intrauterine system, COC, oral norethisterone

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11
Q

when should tranexamic acid be stopped when treating menorrhagia?

A

if no benefits after 3 cycles

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12
Q

why does endometriosis not occur before or after menarche?

A

the condition is dependant upon oestrogen stimulation

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13
Q

when is menopause diagnosed?

A

after 12 months of amenorrhoea

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14
Q

treatment for chlamydia?

A

doxycycline 100mg BD for 7 days OR azithromycin 1g stat then 500mg for 2 days orally

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15
Q

symptoms of pubic lice

A

black powder in underwear, blue spots on skin

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16
Q

treatment for syphillis less than 2 years

A

1 penicillin injection into buttocks OR oral A/B for 10-14 days

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17
Q

treatment for vasomotor symptoms ONLY of menopause

A

tibolone

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18
Q

what is tertazoospermia?

A

abnormal shaped sperm - cause of infertility

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19
Q

how can ED cause infertility?

A

inability to maintain an erection, retrograde ejaculation, premature ejaculation

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20
Q

what lifestyle factor is associated with reduced semen quality?

A

smoking

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21
Q

how does progesterone affect women in pregnancy?

A

reduces gut motility and gastric emptying - causing constipation

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22
Q

what happens to EGFR from week 6 of pregnancy?

A

increases - increased elimination of renally excreted drugs such as lithium

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23
Q

what does movement of drugs across placenta depend on?

A

lipid solubility, molecular weight, degree of ionisation and polarity of drugs

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24
Q

what is thiopental?

A

used in caesarean - can cause apnaoe in the baby very lipid soluble so crosses placenta

25
when is it considered the most susceptible time for teratogen sensitivity?
organogenesis
26
what week gestation is considered the earliest number of which 10% of live babies survive?
23 weeks
27
what is respiratory distress syndrome also known as?
hyaline membrane disease
28
who is severely affected by respiratory distress syndrome?
babies born less than 32 weeks, or smaller premature babies
29
what is cytomegalovirus usually treated with?
IV ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir
30
what is zidovudine?
usually given to babies to prevent vertical transmission of HIV from mother to baby for 4 weeks
31
first line treatment for seizure
phenobarbital - 2 loading doses before trying phenytoin (40mg/kg)
32
when is complete maturation of GFR in babies?
6-8 months
33
which children have an increased elimination of furosemide?
children with nephrotic syndrome
34
which children have a high plasma clearance of antibiotics such as penicillin/aminoglycosides?
children with cystic fibrosis
35
how long does irritability last in colic?
more than 3 hours a day for more 3 days per week for 3 weeks
36
when does colic resolve by?
improves at 3-4 month of age (resolves by 6 months)
37
when does GORD in children usually resolve by?
1 years
38
treatment for GORD in breastfed children
1-2 week trial of alginate therapy mixed with water and given after each feed
39
what condition is a sea-like barking cough seen in?
croup - usually self-limiting
40
what is aprostadil?
2nd line treatment for ED - PGE1
41
which nerves release NO?
nitrergic nerves going into smooth muscle activating guanylyl cylase increasing cAMP and releasing protein kinase G - which causes vasodilation and penile erection
42
when does sildenafil peak?
30-120 mins - so take 1 hr before sexual intercourse
43
what age is sildenafil indicated for?
> 18 years
44
what condition makes sildenafil ineffective?
hypogonadism
45
what is alprostadil available in the UK as?
intracavernous injection (caverject) and intraurethral application (MUSE) and topical cream (vitaros)
46
What is given to preterm babies at risk of respiratory distress syndrome to prevent it?
antenatal steroids (betamethasone) and post natal surfactant administration
47
what role does caffeine play in apnoea?
stimulant - reduces apnoea in short term and improves long term outcome
48
prognosis of GORD?
usually begin before the age of 8 weeks and resolve before 1 year of age
49
prevalence in GORD vs COLIC?
gord - 40% | colic - 20%
50
what are non-hormonal treatment options in menopause?
venlaflaxine and gabapentin and clonidine - vasomotor symptoms bisphosphonates and teriparatide - post menopausal osteoporosis
51
what is the max duration for GNRH analogues?
6 months - after this can significantly reduce BMD
52
what is buserelin and example of?
GnRH analogue
53
how do oral COCs increase risk of VTE?
undergo first pass metabolism - causing antithrombin deficiency increasing risk of VTE
54
how can menopause increase your risk of high BP and CVD?
oestrogen decreases VLDLs and LDLs and increases HDLs decreasing CVD risk and oestrogen increases NO availability regulating endothelin dependant vasodilation which is impaired in menopause
55
what hormonal change signifies menopause?
persistent decrease in oestrogen and increase in FH and LH
56
what increases severity of primary dysmenorrhoea?
young age at menarche, extended duration of menstrual flow (lighter), severity decreases as you have children
57
what are causative agents of secondary dysmenorrhoea?
chlamydia and gonorrhoea
58
what are underlying systemic causes of menorrhagia?
hypothyroidism, coagulation disorders, kidney or liver diseases

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