U3: K9 Repro Flashcards
(41 cards)
For males, sterilization reduces what behavioural traits?
- inappropriate mounting
- inter-male aggression
- territorial aggression
For males, sterilization reduces chance of what medical problems?
- prostatitis
- testicular tumours
- anal gland adenomas
For females, sterilization reduces the chance of what medical problems?
- recurrent false pregnancies
- uterine and ovarian cancers/infections
- diabetes mellitus
- mammary tumours
What can females be given for short-term control of fertility?
- Megesterol acetate (Ovaban)
- Mibolerone (cheque drops, like a birth control pill)
What are the stages of the heat cycle?
- Proestrus
- Estrus
- Metestrus/Diestrus
- Anestrus
What is proestrus?
Prior to estrus, she will not allow the male to breed (will have discharge)
What is estrus?
Standing heat and during the stage she will allow male to breed
What is metestrus/diestrus?
After estrus, she will still have a discharge, but will not allow the male to breed
What is anestrus?
When she is not in heat, so the rest of the year
What injection is deemed too toxic for accidental breeding and why?
An estrogen injection, which was injected within 48 of breeding to prevent pregnancy. However, it had fatal side effects such as bone marrow suppression and pyometra.
What option is used if there is an accidental breeding and the owner does not wish to breed her in the future?
Spaying during pregnancy.
What option is used if there is an accidental breeding and the owner wishes to breed her in the future?
Medications that affect the hormones involved in maintaining the pregnancy administered during the second trimester that causes the litter to be aborted. Typically hospitalized for 5-7 days during this time.
What should the stud and bitch be before breeding?
- up to date on vaccines
- free of intestinal worms
- in good health
- at a good body weight
Steps of breeding?
- Male sniffs and licks vulva, then mounts
- Begins pelvic thrusts
- Male ejaculates 1 - 5 ml of semen
- Partially dismounts then remains in a tied position for 5-30 minutes where he releases 5-30 ml of prostatic fluid
How many times should a female be bred to maximize conception rates?
At least three times, once every other day
What are the methodologies for artificial semination?
- fresh dog-to-dog AI
- fresh-extended (chilled) semen insemination
- frozen semen insemination
What are the techniques (insertions) of AI?
- vaginal deposition
- surgical implant
- trans-cervical insemination
What is trans-cervical insemination?
Performed using an endoscope or the “Norwegian catheter”. Does not require sedation
Which semen has the lowest success rate?
Frozen semen, as it only lives for 2-12 hours after thaw
What are the most common reasons for AI failure?
- breeding at an inappropriate time (usually too early)
- failure to follow up with inseminations later at the correct time
What is the usual length of gestation in the dog?
63 days, plus or minus two days
What are the three (+1) methods of detecting pregnancy in the bitch?
- Palpation
- Ultrasound
- Radiography
(+1): Blood test (performed 20 days after diestrus)
When can uterine swellings be detected?
21-30 days after diestrus (D1)
When can an ultrasound typically be performed?
~20 days after diestrus, though usually performed between days 24 and 30
