U3: THE COLD WAR 1956 to 1984 Flashcards

Question

Explain the consequences on the solidarity in POLAND

Answer 1

December 1981: Martial law declared. Solidarity leaders arrested; union banned. Strikes and protests crushed by army and police.

Answer 2

Until LECHWALSEA was elected president in 1990 as communism decreased marking the end of the Cold War and soviet sphere of influence

Answer 3

USA drops atomic bomb on Japan

Answer 4

USSR test its atomic bomb

Answer 5

USA produces its first hydrogen bomb and in 1953 USSR followers

Answer 6

USSSR ICBM

Answer 7

Mass military spending on both sides, fuel Cold War hostility and mistrust

Answer 8

1️⃣ Increased Tensions • USA and USSR competed to develop more powerful nuclear weapons: • Atomic bomb → Hydrogen bomb → ICBMs → SLBMs (submarine-launched missiles). • Created constant fear of nuclear war → worsened Cold War rivalry. ⸻ 2️⃣ Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) • Both sides had enough nuclear weapons to destroy each other many times over. • MAD discouraged direct war → neither side could risk full-scale conflict. • This helped maintain an uneasy nuclear balance (but under constant threat). ⸻ 3️⃣ Massive military spending • Both superpowers spent huge amounts on weapons and research. • Arms race drained resources → contributed to economic strain in the USSR by the 1980s. ⸻ 4️⃣ Trigger for diplomacy • Fear of nuclear war led to arms control agreements: • Test Ban Treaty (1963). • SALT talks (1970s). • INF Treaty (1987). • Arms race paradoxically encouraged periods of détente and negotiation.

Answer 9

Was crucial and understanding the motors and plans of other stores both sides feared nuclear attack and tax secrets being stolen. -The USA had the CIA agency and -USSR had the Cambridge 5 -east Germany had the Stasi.

Answer 10

1️⃣ Fear of nuclear war • After Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), both sides realised the risk of Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD). • Wanted to avoid direct military conflict. 2️⃣ Economic pressures • USSR economy struggling → arms race too expensive. • USA facing cost of Vietnam War → wanted to reduce tensions. 3️⃣ Political reasons • USA wanted to improve relations with both USSR and China (to counter Soviet influence). • Brezhnev (Soviet leader) wanted Western trade & technology to boost USSR economy.

Answer 11

• Hotline (1963) → direct phone link between Washington & Moscow. • Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963) → banned testing in atmosphere, space, water. • SALT I (1972) → limited number of certain nuclear weapons. • Helsinki Accords (1975) → agreements on human rights, cooperation, borders.

Answer 12

USSR SPUNIK first artificial satellite state And LAIKA dog was blasted to space

Answer 13

Yuri GARGHIN first human in space and propaganda of communism

Answer 14

Apollo two Neil Armstrong first person to walk on the moon led to the end of the space, recent corporation of USSR and USSSA

Answer 15

Apollo SOYUZ USA 3 American astronauts USSR :2 Soviet cosmonaut the two spacecraft duct in orbit allowing astronauts and cosmonauts roots to meet and shake

Answer 16

Introduced by Willie Brandt its aim was West Germany improving relations with eastern European East Germany

Answer 17

Non-aggression pack signed Western board of Poland was seen as the ODER NEISSELINE Both Germany signed the basic treaty which normalise relations between eastern west Germany Both Germany joined the UN in 1973

Answer 18

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979) • USSR invaded to support Communist government → seen by USA as Soviet expansion. • Ended Détente → US imposed sanctions and boycotted 1980 Moscow Olympics. 2. US domestic politics • Reagan elected US President (1981) → very anti-Communist. • Called USSR an “Evil Empire”.

Answer 19

📚 Beliefs / Policies 1️⃣ Very anti-Communist • Described USSR as an “Evil Empire” (1983). • Believed USA should confront Communism, not contain it. 2️⃣ Massive military build-up • Dramatically increased US defense spending. • Expanded US nuclear arsenal. 3️⃣ Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) → “Star Wars” • Proposed space-based missile shield to defend against Soviet nuclear attack. • USSR could not afford to match SDI → added pressure to Soviet economy. 4️⃣ Tough rhetoric + willingness to negotiate • First took a hardline stance → contributed to New Cold War tensions. • Later (after 1985), worked with Gorbachev on arms control: • Signed INF Treaty (1987) → eliminated many nuclear missiles.

Answer 20

1️⃣ Communist government under threat • 1978: Communist government took power in Afghanistan. • Faced strong opposition from Islamic fighters (Mujahideen). 2️⃣ Soviet fears • USSR feared Afghanistan might fall to anti-Communist rebels → wanted to prevent spread of Islamic extremism near Soviet borders.

Answer 21

December 1979: USSR invaded Afghanistan with over 100,000 troops. • Tried to prop up Communist government. • Faced fierce resistance from Mujahideen, supported by US, China, Pakistan. • USSR got stuck in long, costly war → became known as “USSR’s Vietnam”.

Answer 22

✅ Ended Détente → new Cold War tensions. ✅ USA boycotted 1980 Moscow Olympics. ✅ USSR faced growing economic and military strain. ✅ US began supplying weapons to Mujahideen → prolonged the war. ✅ Soviet failure in Afghanistan weakened Soviet prestige → contributed to collapse of USSR.

Answer 23

Announced by US President Jimmy Carter in January 1980 (after Soviet invasion of Afghanistan). • Stated that the Persian Gulf region was of vital US interest. • USA would use military force if necessary to defend Persian Gulf from Soviet expansion.

Answer 24

🏆 Significance of Carter Doctrine ✅ Marked return to Cold War confrontation after Détente. ✅ Showed US determination to resist Soviet influence in the Middle East. ✅ Led to greater US military presence in the Gulf region. ✅ Symbol of New Cold War tensions.

U3: THE COLD WAR 1956 to 1984 Flashcards

(49 cards)