UA

Question 1

Match the UA Color with the abnormal presentation:

A. Milky B. Red/Smoky Brown C. Yellow foam
D. White foam. E. Coca-cola colored

___ Blood; cystitis, UTI
___ albumin
___ Pus, bacteria (infection)
___ Bile Pigments
___ Fat (nephrotic)
___ Acute Globular Nephritis
___. Liver; cholecystitis
___ Streptococcal infection

Answer 1

B - Blood; cystitis, UTI
D - albumin
A - Pus, bacteria (infection)
C - Bile Pigments
A - Fat (nephrotic)
E - Acute Globular Nephritis
C - Liver; cholecystitis
E - Streptococcal infection

Question 2

What vocabulary term represents a scale from clear to cloudy when looking at UA?

Answer 2

Turbity

Question 3

What abnormal Odor represents bacterial decomposition of urine?

Answer 3

Ammoniacal

Question 4

What abnormal odor represents advanced kidney disease?

Answer 4

Stale Water

Question 5

What condition would someone be suffering from if their urine had a fruity smell?

Answer 5

Diabetes Melitis

Question 6

What would you expect with foul smelling urine?

Answer 6

UTI (bacteriuria)

Question 7

What term represents solutes found within urine?

Answer 7

Specific Gravity

Question 8

A low specific gravity would lead to this condition.

Answer 8

Diabetes Insipidus
(due to excessive hydration)

Question 9

A high specific gravity (due to dehydration) would lead to what condition?

Answer 9

Diabetes Mellitus
(increased solute/volume; Fever)

Question 10

What symptoms would a low pH (acidic) in the urine represent?

Answer 10

Acidosis, fevers, High protein diet

Question 11

What symptoms would a high pH (alkaline) in the urine represent?

Answer 11

Alkalosis, Cystitis

Question 12

What is the most common cause of Orthostatic Proteinuria?

Answer 12

Normal urine while lying down; increased symptoms when change of position (lying to standing)

Question 13

What symptoms would be represented in prerenal Organic proteinuria?

Answer 13

Fever, Hypertension, renal hypoxia

Question 14

What conditions would be represented in renal Organic proteinuria?

Answer 14

• AGN (acute glomerular nephritis)
• Nephrotic syndrome

Question 15

What conditions would be represented in postrenal Organic proteinuria?

Answer 15

Cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis

Question 16

The normal renal threshold for glycosuria is?

Answer 16

180 mg/dL

Question 17

One would most likely see glycosuria without hyperglycemia with_____________?

Answer 17

Pregnancy

Question 18

The most common cause of glycosuria with hyperglycemia is _______?

Answer 18

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 19

Bleeding as a result of trauma or irritation is called _______?

Answer 19

Hematuria

Question 20

What is the term when you see lysis of RBCs in urinary tract, intravascular hemolysis, or transfusion reactions?

Answer 20

Hemoglobinuria

Question 21

What is the term when you see muscular destruction that may appear in hypothermia, convulsions, extensive exertion (rhabdomyolysis)?

Answer 21

myoglobinuria

Question 22

A false negative in what would appear to be hematuria would be caused by?

Answer 22

High dose of Vitamin C

Question 23

What term represents Leukocyte esterase in the urine?

Answer 23

Pyuria

Question 24

Biliary tract obstruction in bilirubinuria would lead to _______?

Answer 24

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

Question 25

What is the pathological value for high power field (HPF) for RBCs on centrifuged urinary sediment?

Answer 25

0-2 clinically significant: HPF >2

Question 26

What is the pathological value for high power field (HPF) for WBCs on centrifuged urinary sediment?

Answer 26

0-5 Clinically significant: HPF>5

Question 27

When is the best time to get a urine sample/specimen?

Answer 27

1st in the morning; midstream

Question 28

What are factors that would lead to RBCs at a HPF >2?

Answer 28

smoking GU malignancy analgesic abuse

Question 29

What are factors that would lead to WBCs at a HPF >5?

Answer 29

inflammation pyuria : proteinuria or bacteriuria (nitrituria) - evidence that WBCs originate in the kidney: pyelonephritis

Question 30

list 3 causes: Clinical significant pyuria:

Answer 30

Causes: pyelonephritis, Renal TB, Cystitis Clinical significant pyuria: >5

Question 31

Name the cell & Low Power field level for Contamination:

Answer 31

Epithelial Cells Low Power field level for Contamination: >10

Question 32

Cast? Condition?

Answer 32

Waxy Cast Advanced Renal Failure

Question 33

Cast? Condition?

Answer 33

RBC Cast AGN (acute glomerular nephritis)

Question 34

Cast? Condition?

Answer 34

WBC Cast Acute Pyelonephritis pathogumonic

Question 35

Cast? Condition?

Answer 35

Lipid Cast Nephrotic syndrome (advanced renal disease)

Question 36

Casts? Condition?

Answer 36

Pseudocasts Fibers, dust (fake outs!)

Question 37

Answer 37

Crystals

Question 38

Image? Condition?

Answer 38

Triple phosphate Found in alkaline urine; "Coffin Lid" (No clinical significance)

Question 39

Image? Condition?

Answer 39

Calcium Oxalate Found in normal urine; "Cross/X" (No clinical significance)

Question 40

Answer 40

RBCs

Question 41

Answer 41

WBC Cast

Question 42

Answer 42

Hyaline Cast

Question 43

Answer 43

RBC Cast

Question 44

Answer 44

squamous epithelium

Question 45

What are the main differences between the ddx of pyelonephritis and cystitis?

Answer 45

Cystitis: - Px is located in pelvis/abdominal area - Px does not radiate - acute onset Pyelonephritis: - Px located in Flank - Px radiates - increase in temperature (fever)

Question 46

What are two causes of increased specific gravity?

Answer 46

dehydration diabetes

Question 47

What is the significance of epithelial cells in an UA?

Answer 47

contamination of the urine

Question 48

What UA findings are expected in a patient with hepatitis?

Answer 48

Bilirubin