UA Exam 2 Flashcards
(50 cards)
What are Bense jones proteins?
Small light chains of immunoglobulin produced by the neoplastic plasma cells
BJ proteins are not detected with a routine urinalysis ? T/F
True
When there is presence of BJ proteins throughout the urine this signifies?
Abnormal growth of plasma cells in the body which could lead to serious disorders
What are some of the serious disorders that can be seen when there is presence of BJ proteins in the Urine ?
- Multiple myeloma (BJ proteins are found in 50-80% of patients with this disease
- Chronic lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- metastatic lytic bone lesions
- waldenstrom macrobulinemia
- end stage of renal failure
- amyloidosis
What is multiple myeloma?
Cancer of the plasma cells, a type of white blood cell normally responsible for producing antibodies.
In multiple myeloma, collections of abnormal plasma cells accumulate in the ______, where they ______ with the production of normal cells.
Bone Marrow
Interfere
What are some of the common symptoms for Multiple myeloma ?
CRAB C= calcium elevated R= renal failure A= anemia B= Bone lesions
What are some clinical manifestations for Multiple Myeloma ?
- bone pain
- fractures of the bones due to lytic processes
- low counts of RBC’s,WBC’s, Platelets
- kidney damage
- nervous system signs *stroke like manifestations *numbness and weakness
What is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) ?
Hormone produced by placenta or malignant tumors
When is HCG typically found in the urine?
Pregnancy
When HCG is found in the urine of males and non-pregnant women what types of disorders are usually seen?
- testicular and ovarian cancers
- choriocarcinoma in females
- some types of cancers, pancreas, liver, lungs
- teratoma
When there are low levels of HCG in a pregnant woman this may indicate?
- miscarriage
- death of baby or embryo
- ectopic pregnancy
High blood level of HCG can be used to screen for what between 15-20 weeks of pregnancy?
Downs Syndrome
Schillings test is used to determine?
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Nervous system pathology due to a vitamin B12 deficiency
- General malabsorption
- whether the body adequately absorbs vitamin B12
Low vitamin B12 level in food or diet (megaloblastic anemia) can be seen in what stage of schillings test?
Stage 1
Low intrinsic factor (problems with the stomach) causing the low vitamin B12 level (pernicious anemia) can be seen in which stage of schillings?
Stage 2
Abnormal bacterial growth causing low vitamin B12 absorption in the illeum (celiac disease, Crohn’s disease) can be seen in which stage of schillings test?
Stage 3
Low vitamin B12 absorption caused by problems with the pancreas (malabsorption syndrome, pancreatitis) can be seen in which stage of schillings?
Stage 4
When are toxicology screens typically ordered?
- Hospital emergency
- Sports
- Workplace
Traces of a drug may remain in the urine longer than in the blood? T/F
True
How long is marijuana present in the urine?
Present in the urine for 1 hour after use up to 7-10 days
In heavy users- up to 30 days
How long is cocaine present in the urine ?
Present in the urine 1-4 hours after use for up to 2-5 days
Heavy users= 7-10 days
How long are amphetamines in the urine?
Present in the urine about 3 hours after use for 1 to 2 days
How long can alcohol be present in the urine?
6-24 hours
