UA Study Guide Flashcards
Threat Forward Briefing 13 Items
- Threats
- Fuel Plan
- Maintenance Status
- NOTAMS
- Taxi Plan/Hot Spots
- Rejected Takeoff Criteria
- Evacuation Duties
- Departure Clearance
- Departure SID Review
- Weather/windshear
- Takeoff performance
- Engine Failure Procedure
- Terrain Obstacles
What are the categories of Threats?
Personal
1. Personal Stressors
2. Currency
3. Distractions
4. Fatigue
Environmental
1. Clearance/Re-route
2. Runway change
3. Ground/Ramp
4. Cabin
5. Weather
6. Terrain
7. Ops pressure
8. Airport/Rwy
Technical
1. Aircraft/Systems
2. MX/MELs
3. Performance
4. Automation
CRM/TEM Model
Safe Operations
Threats
Prepare (CRM/TEM)
Errors
Repair (CRM/TEM)
UAS
Recover (CRM/TEM)
Incident/Accident
Normal Fuel Burn at Cruise
6000 lbs/hr
or
100 lbs/min
Planned Landing Fuel for Dispatch
6000 lbs
(Combination of FAR minimum of 45 minutes + 15 minutes of contingency fuel)
Max endurance speed
210 kts at 10,000 MSL
Minimum Runway Required for Landing
5000 feet
Definition of Crew Resource Management
augments technical expertise to create a more productive, safe crew environment. CRM focuses on behavioral skills used to effectively communicate and manage resources
Definition of Threats
Threats are operational events that are
1. outside of the crewmember’s influence,
2. increase operational complexity, and
3. require increased attention to maintain safety margins
Definition of Errors
Errors are deviations from desired performance due to neglected or improper procedures
Definition of Undesired Aircraft State (UAS)
refers to a position, attitude, condition or configuration of an aircraft that reduces safety margins. It is safety-compromising states that results from ineffective error management
What is the goal of CRM?
to maximize flight safety by minimizing incidents and accidents caused by human factors
What are the 7 CRM/TEM skills?
List 2 of the 7 CRM skills and why are those important to you?
- Situational Awareness
- Leadership Effectiveness
- Planning and Decision Making
- Communication
- Monitor/Cross Check
- Workload Management
- Automation Management
Situational Awareness - easier to catch threats and errors when you have a clear big picture
Planning and Decision making - critical to always be thinking ahead of the airplane
Communication - none of the others are as effective without it
What does CRM/TEM model describe? What do 7 CRM/TEM skills explain?
CRM/TEM model describes what crews do and the 7 CRM/TEM skills explain how crews do it
In the CRM/TEM model, what is the response to threats?
Response to Errors?
Response to UAS?
How do the 7 CRM/TEM skills fit into the model?
“Prepare, Repair, Recover”
1. Response to threats - Prepare
2. Response to errors - Repair
3. Response to UAS - Recover
Each response moves the flight away from incident/accident towards safe operations. The CRM/TEM skills are implied and embedded into the arrows moving the flight towards safe operations
