UBP 3 Flashcards
(26 cards)
At what magnesium level are patellar reflexes lost?
10 to 12 mg/dL
Patellar reflex loss indicates significant magnesium deficiency.
What occurs at magnesium levels of 15 to 20 mg/dL?
Respiratory paralysis
This level of magnesium is critical for respiratory function.
Cardiac collapse (asystole) occurs at magnesium levels greater than what?
20 to 25 mg/dL
High magnesium levels can lead to severe cardiac complications.
What ECG changes are apparent by the time magnesium levels reach 10 mg/dL?
Prolonged PQ interval and wide QRS complex
These changes indicate significant electrolyte imbalance.
From which nerve roots do sympathetic nerve fibers arise?
Thoracic and lumbar nerve roots
Specifically from T1-T4/5 for upper extremities and head/face.
Anaphylactic reactions are most common in patients with which deficiency?
IgA deficiency
These patients often have Anti-IgA antibodies.
Excessive oxygen consumption can lead to hypoxia in the presence of what?
Inadequate alveolar ventilation
Conditions like shivering or thyrotoxicosis can increase oxygen demand.
What does it indicate if the 95% CI includes 1 for relative risk?
The P value will be > 0.05
This suggests no significant association in the study.
What potential mechanism can barbiturates cause if injected into an artery?
Intense arterial constriction and thrombosis
Arteriole crystal formation is one possible mechanism.
What effect do bolus doses of ketamine have on pulmonary vascular resistance?
Increase pulmonary vascular resistance
This is particularly relevant for patients with pulmonary hypertension.
What is the elimination half-life of esmolol?
9 minutes
This short half-life allows for rapid adjustments in therapy.
Bradycardia after spinal anesthesia is likely due to which two mechanisms?
- Blockade of thoracic sympathetic fibers
- Reflex slowing of the heart
Specifically involves T1-T4 fibers and compensatory mechanisms.
What is the formula for determining the volume of distribution of a drug?
Vd = Dose/Concentration
This formula helps in pharmacokinetic calculations.
What risks are associated with acutely starting oral beta blocker therapy?
Increased risk of bradycardia, hypotension, stroke, and overall mortality
Caution is advised when initiating therapy.
Which agent is ideal for treating muscarinic overdose?
Neostigmine with glycopyrrolate
Neither agent crosses the blood-brain barrier.
What is the onset time for intravenous labetalol?
3 to 5 minutes
Labetalol has a rapid onset but a longer elimination half-life.
What can cause hemolytic anemia related to phosphate levels?
Hypophosphatemia
This often occurs from rapid correction of hyperphosphatemia.
Long-term use of anticonvulsants is associated with resistance to which type of neuromuscular blockade?
Aminosteroid non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade
Resistance does not occur with atracurium, cisatracurium, or mivacurium.
Which anesthetics decrease intraocular pressure?
Etomidate, propofol, volatile agents, thiopental
Ketamine is noted to increase intraocular pressure.
What may be lost in diabetic kidney disease?
Autoregulation
This can lead to various complications in kidney function.
What is the critical temperature for a gas?
The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied
Critical temperature is key in understanding phase transitions.
What does transtracheal injection block?
Sensory input from the recurrent laryngeal nerve
This is used in certain anesthetic techniques.
What indicates restrictive airway disease in a patient?
Normal or high FeV1/FVC ratio
In restrictive diseases, both FEV1 and FVC decrease but the ratio remains normal.
What is the most appropriate method for urgent reversal of warfarin?
Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC) or fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
PCC is preferred due to lower fluid volume exposure.
