UCSF Pathology/Microbiology Flashcards by Kyle Tuttle

What type of virus is Hepatitis B?

DNA virus

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Incubation time for Hepatitis B?

1-6 months

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Describe symptoms of Hepatitis B

Jaundice
Fatigue
Flu-like symptoms
*30% of people have No symptoms with infection

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What is commonly seen in patients with HBV?

No symptoms

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What is the first detectable evidence of HBV?

HBsAg (Hep B Surface Antigen)

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When does HBsAg appear?

appears within 3-4 weeks of exposure and 1-2 months prior to clinical disease

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What does the presence of HBc IgM indicate?

Indicates acute infection

It takes time to develop the anti-HBs but anti HBc IgM develops initially.

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What does the presence of HBeAg indicate?

May indicate viral replication. Presence associated with increased infectivity in association with HBsAg

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What would the presence of Anti-HBe indicate?

This is a favorable sign in carriers, suggest that a low degree of infectivity is present

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What would the presence of Anti-HBs indicate?

Indicates past infection and provided immunity. This appears after HBsAg disappears

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What antibody is first to fight an acute infection?

IgM - also an indicator of current infection

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What does IgG indicate?

Indicator of past or recent infection. Represents 75% of circulating antibodies

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Define Paget’s Disease?

An uncommon fibro-osseous condition of unknown cause that produces ENLARGEMENT of the skull and jaws.

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What are the 2 most common features or clinical signs of Paget’s Disease

Distinctive radiographic appearance of Cotton Wool

- Increased alkaline phosphatase

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Describe the prognosis of Paget’s Disease

Continual enlargement and weakening of bones

- Potential of undergoing malignant transformation

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Describe clinical features of Cherubism

Cherub appearance due to bulging of the mandible

multilocular cysts of both jaws
giant cell tumors are wide spread
premature tooth loss

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A patient presents with symmetric bilateral enlargement in posterior areas of the mandible.
- Radiographs reveal large, multilocular radiolucencies

Most likely Cherubism (familial fibrous dysplasia)

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How is Cherubism inherited?

Autosomal dominant

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What is Eagle’s Syndrome

Elongation of the Styloid process and stylohyoid ligament calcification

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Symptoms of Eagle’s syndrome

The tissues in the throat rub on the elongated styloid process during the act of swallowing. This results in pain along the glossopharyngeal nerve
- Also pain when turning head or extending the tongue

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What is Osteopetrosis?

Inhibition of Bone Resorption

- Due to lack of osteoclasts activity. They are present but with no function

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Describe the difference between Osteopetrosis seen in infants vs that seen in adults

Infantile: Autosomal recessive. Very severe with common fractures
Adult: Autosomal dominant. Milder form that starts off asymptomatic but progresses

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What is the average age that an Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) is found?

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WHere is the most common location of an OKC?

Mandibular ramus or third molar region

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Describe radiographic appearance of an OKC

Unilocular or multilocular and well demarcated. It mostly displaces roots but can cause root resorption

What is an Ameloblastoma?

Uncommon benign jaw neoplasm of odontogenic epithelium.

What is the radiographic appearance of an Ameloblastoma?

Multilocular radiolucency. - **Soap Bubble appearance Expansive and destructive

Where are ameloblastomas commonly found?

Mandibular ramus | Often associated with boney impacted wisdom teeth

Where are Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumors commonly found?

Mandibular molar area

Describe characteristics of a Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor?

Swelling, flecks of calcification, expansive | -**Driven snow appearance

What is Fibrous Dysplasia?

An asymptomatic regional alteration of bone in which normal architecture is replaced by fibrous tissue

Characteristics of Fibrous Dysplasia

Expansive, can cause externally visible deformities | **Ground Glass Appearance or **Orange Peel appearance

What is the most common location for a Central Giant Cell Granuloma?

In the mandibular anterior that often crosses the midline. | - 70% in the mandible

Central Giant Cell Granulomas mostly affect which gender? and what age?

Females | 60% cases are before age 30

Where do Giant Cell Tumors commonly occur?

Most often in epiphyses of long bones | Can be in jaws

What is an Osteoblastoma?

Benign neoplasm of bone that arises from osteoblasts

Where do Osteoblastomas commonly occur

Mandible

What is the most common gender and age for Osteoblastomas

Male | 85% before the age of 30

What is a Cementoblastoma

Odontogenic neoplasm of cementoblasts.

Where is the most common location for Cementoblastomas

Mandible with >90% being in the molar and premolar region

What gender and age are cementoblastomas most common?

Male, predominantly in children and young adults before the age of 25

Describe radiographic appearance of Cementoblastomas

Radiopaque mass fused to one or more tooth roots, surrounded by thin radiolucent rim

What is a Chondroma

Benign tumor composed of mature hyaline cartilage

What is an Osteosarcoma

Malignancy of mesenchymal cells that produces osteoid or immature bone

Although Osteosarcomas are uncommon in the jaw, describe where they would be found in both maxilla and mandible?

Maxilla - Inferior portion (alveolar ridge, sinus floor, & palate) Mandible - Posterior body and horizontal ramus

What gender is more commonly found with Osteosarcomas

Males 2:1 to female

Describe what Condensing Osteitis is

A common condition without severe signs or symptoms recognized by a well-defined radiopacity at the apex of a non-vital toot

What is Addison's Disease

Insufficiency of adrenal cortex

Hallmark clinical sign of Addison's disease

Bronzing of the skin

Hypopituitarism may result in what?

A form of Dwarfism

What does Hyperpituitarism lead to?

Gigantism in children. | Acromegaly in Adults

What is Cushing's Syndrome

Hyper function of the adrenal cortex

Hallmark clinical signs of Cushing's Syndrome

Buffalo Hump | Moon Face

Hypothyroid leads to what diagnoses in adults and children?

Adults: Myxedema Children: Cretinism

Cretinism is a common cause of what?

Delayed eruption of teeth

Hyperthyroidism leads to what disease?

Graves Disease

Graves Disease is related to what dental irregularity?

Increased eruption rate

What disorder is related with Older women with "stones, bones, moan and groans"

Hyperparathyroidism

Explain what happens to calcium in Hypoparathyroidism vs Hyper parathyroidism

Hypo: Decreased Ca++ excretion from bone Hyper: Increased Ca++ out of bones and into serum

What is a Residual Cyst

True cyst inadvertently left behind during extraction of a tooth.

What is a Primordial Cyst

An epithelial-lined jaw cyst appearing as a radiolucency in the alveolar process unassociated with a tooth

Where are primoridal cysts most commonly found

area of the third molars

What is a Simple Bone Cyst

Benign, empty or fluid containing cavity inside bone | Unknown cause - maybe trauma

What is an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Intraosseous blood-filled spaces | Unknown cause

What is a Dentigerous Cyst

Cyst found between the crown and reduced enamel epithelium. | Associated with impacted teeth around CEJ area

What is a lateral cyst

Same as a periapical cyst but on the lateral aspect of the tooth Develops from the rests of the dental lamina

What is a Globulomaxillary Cyst

Occurs between the maxillary lateral incisor and the canine | Often produces divergence of the roots

What is the most common Sialolithiasis?

Sublingual

Most common malignant bone tumor

Osteosarcoma or multiple myeloma

What does Multiple Myeloma look like on radiographs?

Punched out mandible

What is the blood glucose level in a patient with Diabetes

>160 mg/dl

Rheumatic fever is caused by what?

Stretococcal bacteria

Subacute bacterial endocarditis is caused by waht?

Streptococcus Aureus

Most common oral manifestation of an HIV infection

Candidiasis

Osteomyelitis is caused by what?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT)

UCSF Pathology/Microbiology Flashcards

(75 cards)