UCSP Flashcards
1
Q
people who share a common characteristic or behavior (such as gender or occupation) but do not necessarily interact or identify with one another.
A
- Social categories
2
Q
Is a key or core status that carries primarily weight in person’s interaction. It is a status that has special important for social identity, often shaping a person’s entire life
A
- Master Status
3
Q
- Are beliefs that we have about what is important, both to us and to society as a whole.
A
values
4
Q
- Is the process by which we learn the requirements of our surrounding culture and acquire the behavior and values appropriate for this culture
A
Enculturation
5
Q
social groups to which an individual feels he or she belongs. One feels loyalty and respect for these groups(fraternity).
A
In-Group
6
Q
- Are shared rules and expectations guiding behavior in a society or group, maintaining social order, defining cultural values and shaping interactions
A
norms
7
Q
11 years old and older – theoretical -hypotetical an counterfactual thinking. Abstract logic and reasoning. Strategy and planning become possible. Concepts learned in one context can be applied to another
A
- Formal operational –
8
Q
- Focuses more on the acquisition of cultural traits
A
Enculturation
9
Q
is the large-scale diffusion of traits and culture that occurs over a long period of time. Alien traits are usually adapted by the less powerful societies because dominant societies have more economic and political power over them
A
- Acculturation
10
Q
- Refers to subgroups whose standards come in conflict with and oppose the conventional standards of the dominant culture.
A
- Counter culture
11
Q
are specific behavioral standards or rules in a society
A
norms
12
Q
- It denotes a unique individual with self descriptions drawn from one’s own biography of the individual.
A
identity
13
Q
accept culturally accepted goals but disregard the institutional means to achieve them.
A
a. Innovators
14
Q
- It is the process whereby the cultural heritage is socially transmitted from generation to another.
A
socialization
15
Q
refers to an objective analysis of one’s own culture – seeing and understanding of one’s beliefs and traditions from his/her own point of view. It also entails not to judge the practices of others based on your own culture; hence, respecting it in their own cultural context.
A
- Cultural relativism
16
Q
- is learned behavior passed on from one generation to another. In understanding cultural evolution, we could associate tools and artifacts that the early humans used.
A
- Cultural evolution
17
Q
Violation of physical and aesthetic norm and having physical incapacity
A
- Physical deviance
18
Q
Refers to the characteristics that other people attribute to an individual.
A
- Personal Identity
19
Q
occurs when an individual relocated and adapt the cultural practices of the new environment. Operating at the microlevel, this has the less impact but could pose societal threats to cultural preservation when done at a macro-level
A
- Transculturation
20
Q
can be described as a collection of individuals who have regular contact and frequent interaction, mutual influence, and common feeling of belongingness, and who work together to achieve a common set of goals
A
group
21
Q
Reject societal goals and the prescribed means to achieve them but try to set up new norms or goals.
A
d. Rebels
22
Q
is something that stands for, represents, or signifies something else in a particular culture. It can represent, for example, ideas, emotions, values, beliefs, attitudes, or events. A symbol can be anything. It can be a gesture, word, object, or even an event
A
- Symbols
23
Q
Idea 1: deviance varies according to cultural norms
Idea 2: people are deviant because they’re labelled as deviant
Idea 3: defining social norms involves social power
A
true
24
Q
can also be exhibited in the form of an “uncritical exaltation of another culture” in which a culture is ascribed “an unreal, stereotyped, and exotic quality foreign
A
Xenophobia
25
is generally applied to behavior within civil governments, but politics has been observed in all human group interactions. It consists of social relations involving authority or power, the regulation of political units, and the methods used to formulate and apply social policy.
* Politics
26
Violation of physical and aesthetic norm and having physical incapacity
* Sexual deviance
27
* is the process of developing physical and biological change in a species over a period of time. Natural changes and events forced species to adapt to the environment, while some faced extinction for being unable to do so.
Evolution
28
- To be or become similar in behavior, form, nature or character
Conformity
29
are central to our understanding and sharing of culture.
* Symbols
30
0-2 years old – coordination of senses with motor responses sensory curiosity about the world. Language used for demans and cataloguing. Object permanence is developed
* Sensorimotor – 0-2 years old –
31
- Culture differ, so that a cultural trait, act or idea has no meaning or function by itself but has a meaning only within a cultural society
3. Cultural relativism
32
Abandon both the cultural goals and the prescribed means to achieve them.
c. Retreatants
33
* All ________ belong to the class Mammalia and they share all the common features of Mammals
primates
34
- A feeling of one’s superiority for one’s culture
1. Ethnocentrism
35
– is a social position that is voluntarily acquired and reflects a person’s effort and ability. Ex “a student who just graduated from college and acquired a job” - friend, worker, student, team member, classmate, dormitory resident
* Achieved
36
placed great emphasis on the unconscious in identity development. According to him, human beings have a basic need to express their sexual tension and aggression, and because there are typically not acceptable mechanisms in society, human beings suffer from anxiety that paves way for the development of neuroticism and other psychological fixations
* Sigmund freud
37
- Refers to the gap between the material and nonmaterial culture. It can also be the gap between the norm and the backwardness of one to cope up with this
6. Culture Lag
38
is the organization of the biological, psychological, social, cultural, and moral factors which underlie a person’s behavior. It refers to a more or less enduring organization of forces within the individual associated with a complex of fairly consistent attitudes, values, and modes of perception which account, in part, for the individual’s consistency and behavior (Barrnow 1963).
* Personality
39
- Is the process through which we learn the norms, customs, values and roles of the society from birth through death
Socialization
40
can vary across time, cultures and even sub-group
norms
41
– 2-7 years old – symbolic thinking, use of proper syntax and grammar to express concepts. Imagination and intuition are strong, but complex abstract thoughts are still difficult. Conservation is developed
* Preoperational
42
The cultural characteristics that make up Filipino, including our behaviors and preferences are products of
* Enculturation
43
refers to a group of individuals that have common features in many aspects. This maybe in terms of their language, culture, mannerisms, actions, ideas, goals, etc.
* Society
44
is the only source of knowledge in understanding the lifestyle and the developments that occurred in each transitional stage of human evolution.
* Artefactual evidence
45
Give up cultural goals but follow the prescribed norms.
b. Ritualists
46
It is an element of culture that define how to behave in accordance with what society has defined as good, right, and important, and most members of the society adhere to them.
* Norms
47
- The self is something which has a development; it is not there, at birth, but arises in the process of social experience and activity, that is developed in the given individual as a result of his her relations to that process as a whole to other individuals within the society.
George Herbert Mead – stage of the self
48
is the process where an individual or a group learns culture through experience or observation.
* Enculturation
49
theorized that human beings begin to face moral issues on their own at the preconventional level, during which kids form their sense of right and wrong. As children grow older, they move on to the succeeding stages of moral development. Ultimately, they apply their moral identities – their sense of right or wrong – within society and in their interpersonal relationships.
* Kohlberg
50
Except for ______, the bodies of primates are covered with dense hair or fur which provides insulation.
humans
51
are overarching principles that determine what is considered good or desirable
values
52
are a group of primates that includes all living and extinct strepsirrhines (lemurs, lorisoids, and adapiforms),as well as the haplorhine tarsiers and their extinct relatives, the omomyiforms, i.e. all primates excluding the simians. Primitive characteristics than those of simians. (Nocturnals), luck of colour visions.
* Prosimians
53
Preference for the cultural practices of other cultures
2. Xenocentrism
54
* According to_____________human identity development is influenced greatly by cognitive processes, that is, the mechanisms of the brain. He came to understand human behavior upon observing his three children growing up.
Jean Piaget,
55
, on the other hand, is the fear of what is perceived as or strange
* Xenophobia
56
is a complex whole that encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society.
* Culture
57
Refers to all alterations affecting new traits or trait complexes and changes in a culture’s content and structure
* Cultural Change
58
The personal development of people is dependent on this process.
* Socialization
59
- It is the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true, which has sprung from our values.
* Belief
60
small or large and they are mostly impersonal and usually short-term and typically found at work and school. Examples: committee organized to plan a holiday party at work or students working on a project. Can be large or small; common interests bind the members together more than their relationship.
* Secondary group
61
also form an ideal culture and a real culture. Ideal culture is what we believe is what our culture should be, while the real implementation of the culture as we know it which is outside of the ideal is the real culture.
* Belief
62
is the lifelong social process where people develop their individual potentials and learn or adapt culture.
* Socialization
63
is an important part of socialization because it enables culture to be shared among members of society
* Enculturation
64
The social activities that shape our perceptions and personalities are products of
socialization
65
Domination that results violation and damage
* Elite deviance
66
is how a society organizes decision-making and distributes power and resources.
* Politics
67
is the movement of one idea, belief, or value system from one culture to another. Traits may be adapted by new culture, but meanings and connotations may differ from one society to another
* Diffusion
68
- Is a belief (right or wrong) about how something should be
values
69
Not to judge the practices of others based on your own culture; hence respecting it in their own cultural context.
3. Cultural relativism
70
* Makes it possible for a society to perpetuate itself from one generation to another. A child is socialized in the ways of his particular society.
socialization
71
superficial and public. Change in behavior not personal views
a. Compliance
72
* Is a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status. These expectation define the behavior people view as appropriate and inappropriate for the occupants of the status.
roles
73
– children begin role taking in which they mentally assume the perspective of another and respond from that view-point
B. The play stage
74
3 causes of social change
invention, discovery, diffusion
75
is a place where all members of the group gather and share their resources
camp
76
is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification, a form of government and symbolic systems of communication such as writing. More advanced.
* A civilization (or civilisation)
77
are norms that are actually defined as being legal or illegal. The government has decided these norms are so important that you could get in trouble for breaking them
laws
78
is one of several related conceptual dichotomies in sociology, including macro/micro and society/individual.
* Structure/agency
79
is the view that one’s own cultural elements such as norms, values, ideology, customs, and traditions are dominant and the feeling of superiority to others (brown,2007)
* Ethnocentrism
80
* Gestures, objects and languages that form the basis of human communication
symbol
81
* items within a society that you can taste, touch or feel. These are what people create from artifacts to features of human cultural activities that are found in each society that share a common culture. It serves as an identifier that represents a specific cultural group
* Material Culture
82
- Is a psychodynamic theorist who formulated his own theory, which may be considered as an extension of Freud’s
Erik Erikson
83
true or false. * There are varied perceptions of and/or reactions to deviant behavior. Deviant behavior may be tolerated, approved or disapproved.
true
84
is the way a society is organized around the regulated ways people interrelate and organize social life.
society’s social structure
85
7-11 years old – concepts attached to concrete situations. Time, space and quinatity are understood and can be applied, but not as independent concepts.
* Concrete operational –
86
Refers to variation or modification in the patterns of social organizations, behaviors of subgroups, within a society, or the entire society itself.
* Social change
87
nonphysical product of society. The intangibles and the abstract things found in a culture such as values, beliefs, ideals, and norms. The nonmaterial culture can then be shared either through a cognitive process or a normative process.
* Nonmaterial Culture
88
refers to a preference for the foreign. In this sense, it is the exact opposite of ethnocentrism. It is characterized by a strong belief that one's own products, styles, or ideas are inferior to those which originate elsewhere.
* Xenocentrism
89
Includes all categories of change in the direction of open, participatory, and accountable politics.
* Political change
90
children imitate significant others to learn meaning behind symbols, gestures and language
A. The preparatory stage –
91
is socially transmitted through formal and informal education, apprenticeship training or experience.
culture
92
have significant contributions in interpreting the social, cultural, political, and economic processes of past periods.
* Artifacts
93
is lauded by many of his contemporaries due to its extensive view of personality and its effort to use environmental and social factors as primary influencers of personality development.
Erikson’s theory
94
that proposed that the current human race spurred from a line of primates that evolved through “survival of the fittest,” wherein primitive species competed among each other for survival.
* Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
95
enables the individual to grow and develop into a socially functioning person.
socialization
96
is a means of social control by which members are encouraged to conform to the ways of the group by internalizing the group’s norms and values. Self discipline, conformity to expected behavior, compliance to codes of conduct, and obedience to the laws and established values are developed through socialization.
socialization
97
* is part of person’s social identify and defines his/her relationship to others. It also refers to a position within a group of society. By means of a status, people can locate one another in various social structure like in the family, church school, etc.
Status
98
these are norms that are widely observed in society and pose heavy moral significance. Ex. Cheating on an entrance exam, faking and plagiarizing important documents, teasing about bombs and explosives in public transport
- Mores
99
- A feeling of one’s interiority for one’s culture
2. Xenocentrism
100
Refers to all the status that a person can get in a period of time. This happens when a man is a father to his family, a brother to his sister, a Mayor to his town and a golf player to a sports society.
* Status Set
101
are deeply embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching cultural beliefs.
* Values
102
a small social group whose members share close, personal, and enduring relationships. Examples: families, childhood friends, and highly influential social groups. Small; characterized by long-lasting intimate relationship which binds the members together more than the goal.
* Primary group
103
found that cooperation is needed for survival
* Humans
104
a simple collection of people who happened to be together in a particular place but do not significantly interact or identify with one another.
* Social aggregates
105
is the way of life and the heart of any society. Culture shapes the way we see the world
* Culture
106
central component of sociological study and everyday life. It consists of people who interact and share a common culture. It is a concept used to describe the structured social relations and institutions among a large community of people which cannot be reduced to a simple collection or aggregation of individuals.
* The society
107
a conformist must recognize
* Involvement
* Social or cultural goal
* Social means
108
is a group of people with a shared environment, cultural beliefs, and ways of living.
* Society
109
Intentional behaviors that significantly depart from the norms of a referent group in an honorable way.” (Spreitzer and Sonenshein, 2004.)
* Positive deviance
110
- Disruption with an unfamiliar or alien culture
4. Culture Shock
111
A number of roles attached to a single status.
* Role Set
112
refers to the social classification of an individual into a category of one (Rosenberg, 1979)
* Social Identity
113
a collection of individuals who have regular contact and frequent interaction, mutual influence, and common feeling of belongingness, and who work together to achieve a common set of goals.
* Social group
114
these are norms that are observed in casual or routine encounters and are considered less significant. Ex. Wearing t-shirt and jeans to a formal gathering refusing to eat fruits and vegetables submitting an assignment beyond the deadline
- Folkways
115
are negative norms – things that people find offensive and socially inappropriate if you are caught doing them
- Taboos
116
(values or norms) include honesty, respect, responsibility, fairness, and kindness, which guide societal behavior and decision making
values
117
starts at when a baby is born and ends upon death. It is strengthened by human interactions, especially those that are significant enough to have an effect on a person’s belief system or behavior.
socialization
118
- The act of changing oneself to fit agreed upon social expectations, established customs and ideals to avoid standing out
Conformity
119
- Mainly focuses on the acquisition of knowledge language, balues, skills, and habits of society
Socialization
120
– children are now aware of their position in relationship to the other numerous social positions in societ
C. The game stage
121
Culture’s standards of discerning what is good and just in society.
* Values
122
deep and private. Change in behavior and personal views
b. Internalization
123
a group to which we compare ourselves that serve as a standard against which behaviors and attitudes are measured.
* Reference group
124
online misbehavior
* Deviance in Cyberspace
125
* According to________ human development does not end at childhood but at old age. In a person’s lifetime, there is a continuous process of identity development that is characterized by eight particular stages. For every stage, there is a conflict that needs to be resolved. The outcome of such conflict resolution paves the way for the development of personality and identity.
Erikson,
126
social and political animals
* Human
127
became a prominent means of survival
* Division of labor
128
is a position that a person received at birth or involuntarily later in life. Ex. “ prince George and princess charlottle of Wales are born into the royal family” - daughter, sister, femal, 17 years old, African American, hispanic
* Ascribed
129
* Is any behavior that the members of a social group define as violating the established social norms
Deviance
