UCSP Flashcards
They do not entail the exchange of cash for the rendering of service or provision of goods.
Ex. Churches, charities, universities, and etc.
Non-Market Institution
In sociology, it is defined as the system of voluntary exchange among individuals based on the understanding that the giving of favor by one will be reciprocated in the future either to the giver or to someone else. In Economics, it is defined as an exchange of equal advantages.
Reciprocity
Is giving something without the anticipation of an instant return.
Ex. You may buy a coffee for a friend one day, with the expectation that at some point in the future, they will do the same for you.
GENERALIZED RECIPORICITY
Is giving out of something with the anticipation of immediate return.
Ex. Exchange gifts.
BALANCED RECIPORICITY
Occurs when the exchange of something already involves taking advantage of someone or the situation.
Ex. Selling much needed item at an inflated price.
NEGATIVE RECIPORICITY
Is a social institution through which a society’s children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms
Education
Occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools, following a curriculum.
Formal Education
also follows a structured approach but occurs outside the formal schooling system, while informal education entails unstructured learning through daily experiences
Non-Formal Education
is an organized system of beliefs concerning supernatural beings. This system of beliefs is exercised through rituals that are meant to influence facets of the universe which otherwise people can do nothing about.
Religion
Emphasized the role of religion as an agent of social cohesion. For him, the origin of religion is not supernatural but social. He pointed out that rituals are enacted simply to enhance the solidarity of the community as well as its faith. In short, religion provides the people a reminder of their common group membership, reaffirmation of their values and roles, maintaining morals and taboos. Religion also help transmit cultural heritage from one generation to the next.
Emile Durkheim
pointed out that religion also inspires division among those with differences in beliefs. For him, religion is a profound form of human alienation, the situation in which people lose their control over the social world they have created. Marx claimed that a dominant religion in any society is always the religion of the politically and economically dominant class, thus providing justification for existing inequalities and injustices.
Karl Marx
belief that spirits may dwell in nature or human-made objects
Animism
belief in multiple gods
Polytheism
belief in a single, powerful deity
Monotheism
religious organization that claims the membership of everyone in society or even in several societies
Ecclesia
two or more established relatively tolerant religious organizations that claim allegiance to a substantial part of the population
Church or denomination
an exclusive and uncompromising religious organization, often, one that has split off from a denomination due to doctrinal reasons.
Sect
loosely organized religious movement and independent from the religious tradition of the surrounding society.
Cult
Separation of Church and the State
* In the Philippines, this doctrine operates more as a restriction on the powers of the State or the government than on the Church.
true
Separation of Church and the State
- The Philippine Constitution states that the “separation of the Church and State shall be inviolable” (Section 6, Article II).
true
is a disease outbreak that occurs within a specific geographical area.
Epidemic
occurs if the disease spreads to multiple areas or the entire globe.
Pandemic
- Are experiences of discontinuities in states of being and perceived role performances.
- Ex. Allergies, Colds and Flu, Conjunctivitis (“pink eye“), Diarrhea, Headaches, Mononucleosis, Stomach Aches.
Illness
in the scientific paradigm of modern medicine, are abnormalities in the function and/or structure of body organs and systems.
Ex. Cancer, High Blood, Stroke, Alzheimer, Diabetes, and etc.
Diseases
