UCSP|LESSON 1-3 Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
the discipline under which identity, culture, society, and politics are studied.
A
SOCIAL SCIENCE
2
Q
comprised of disciplines that study the overall function of a society, as well as the interactions among
individual members of an
institution.
A
SOCIAL SCIENCE
3
Q
Anthropology, Sociology, and
Political Science are among the
disciplines under__________
A
SOCIAL SCIENCE
4
Q
more on interactions, behaviors, intrapersonal relations with other
people
A
SOCIAL SCIENCE
5
Q
a complex whole which
encompasses the beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and
shares as a member of society
(Edward B. Taylor).
A
CULTURE
6
Q
consists of beliefs, behavior,
objects, and other characteristics
common to the member of a
particular group or society.
A
CULTURE
7
Q
- all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation.
A
CULTURE
8
Q
only humans have ________ (they are superior among all of the species).
- the only way to change _____ is through adaptation and the only way culture can be adapted is through socializing.
A
CULTURE
9
Q
— adaptation through
observations
A
Indirect Culture
10
Q
— adaptation through
interaction with other people
A
Direct Culture
11
Q
an organized group/s of
independent people who share a common territory, language, and culture, who act together for collective survival and well-being.
A
SOCIETY
12
Q
- Comes from the Greek words
Anthropos (man/human beings) and Logos (Study) - according to 18th century
anthropologist Edward Tylor
A
ANTHROPOLOGY
13
Q
18th century anthropologist
A
Edward Tylor
14
Q
is a behavioral science that deals with the study of culture - its components, characteristics, functions, modes of adaptation,
cultural values, and practices.
A
ANTHROPOLOGY
15
Q
- is the scientific study of man, his works, his body and his behavior and values over time; study of culture.
- is the study of human beings and their ancestors.
A
ANTHROPOLOGY
16
Q
GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
A
1) describe and analyze the biological evolution of mankind.
2) describe and assess the cultural development of our species.
3) describe, explain and analyze the present day human cultural similarities and differences.
4) describe and explain human
biological diversity day.
17
Q
BRANCHES/DISCIPLINE OF
ANTHROPOLOGY(4)(PCAL)
A
- Physical Anthropology
- Cultural Anthropologist
- Archeologists
- Linguistics
18
Q
branch of anthropology concerned with the origin, evolution, and diversity of people. (ex. Charles
Darwin Theory of Evolution)
A
PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
19
Q
- Investigate contrasting ways of human (and groups of people) on
how they think, feel, etc.
➔ we have multiple personality
because of the difference in
environment.
➔ how people who share a
common cultural system
organize and shape the
physical and social world
around them, and are in turn
shaped by those ideas,
behaviors, and physical
environments.
➔ hallmarked by the concept
of culture itself
A
CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGIST
20
Q
- they cover information about
human cultures
➔ study about artifacts of
humans.
➔ a person who studies
human history and
prehistory through the
excavation of sites and the
analysis of artifacts and
other physical remains.
A
ARCHEOLOGISTS
21
Q
- study of human sense of language and communication system; study of the relationship between
language and culture.
A
LINGUISTICS
22
Q
Comes from the Greek words
Socius (companion/group/society)
and Logos (Study)
A
SOCIOLOGY
23
Q
- a behavioral science that deals with the study of society its origin, evolution, characteristics, dimensions, and basic social
functions
A
SOCIOLOGY
24
Q
- is a repetitive behavior
- science of society . the interactions taking place, and social behaviors which is viewed as an aggregate of
individuals (Robertson, 2009).
A
SOCIOLOGY
25
- focuses attention in all kinds of social acts, relationships,
organizations, structures, and
processes.
- seeks to discover the general
principles underlying all social
phenomena and social relationship and re-establish laws of change and growth in social changes (Jayapalan).
SOCIOLOGY
26
— is a group of people living
together in a definite territory, having a sense of belongingness, mutually
interdependent of each other, and follows a certain way of life.
SOCIETY
27
GOALS OF SOCIOLOGY
1) Understand ourselves better and mankind.
2) Help with decision making, both own and that of larger
organizations.
3) Gather systematic information from which to make a decision, provide
insights into what is going on in a situation and present alternatives.
28
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTHROPOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY?
- culture represents the beliefs and practices of a group, while society represents the people who share those beliefs and practice.
- they cannot exist without each other.
29
- Comes from the Greek words Polis (city; sovereign state) and Scire (To know/study)
POLITICAL SCIENCE
30
- a systematic study of politics and government
- also dwells on the study of the foundations of the state and the principles of government.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
31
- examines the way people govern themselves, the various forms of government, their structures, and their relationships to other
institutions.
POLITICAL SCIENCE
32
According to Northwest University, ________ is the study of politics and power from domestic, international, and cooperative perspective
POLITICAL SCIENCE
33
- involves a set of activities that
are associated with making decisions in groups or other forms of power relations
between individuals, such as the distribution of resources or statuses
POLITICS
34
GOALS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
- be immersed in current affairs and build an understanding on the local,
national and international politics.
- learn how political activities are organized in and out of our country.
- provide substantially critical and scientific contribution to
government and society.
35
- Theory of Evolution
Charles Darwin
36
- Progression of Civilization
Edward Burnett Tylor
37
- Father of Modern
Anthropology
Franz Boas
38
- Father of Philippine
Anthropology
Henry Otley Beyer
39
- It is a group of people sharing a common culture.
- The focal point of society is man’s social behavior since his behavior is greatly shaped by the society and culture where he belongs.
SOCIETY
40
- Whereas, culture is a dynamic
medium through which societies create a collective way of life reflected in beliefs, values, music, literature, art, dance, science, religion, ritual technology, among others.
- Culture and society can be defined using anthropological and sociological perspectives.
SOCIETY
41
CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE(9)
A. Culture is Everything
B. Culture is Learned
C. Ethnocentrism
D. Cultural Relativism
E. Culture is Shared
F. Culture Affects Biology
G. Culture is Adaptive
H. Culture is Maladaptive
I. Culture Changes
42
- It is what a person has, does and thinks as part of society.
- This implies all of person’s belief system, set of behaviors and material possessions.
CULTURE IS EVERYTHING
43
2 types of Culture is Everything
1. Material culture
2. Nonmaterial Culture
44
- includes all tangible and visible parts of culture, which includes clothes, foods and even buildings
MATERIAL CULTURE
45
- includes all intangible parts of culture, which consist of values, ideas and knowledge
NONMATERIAL CULTURE
46
- culture is a set of beliefs, attitudes and practices that an individual learns through his or her family, school, church and other social institutions.
- What we have learned
Example: Loyalty Song
CULTURE IS LEARNED
47
3 types f culture is learned
1. Enculturation
2. Acculturation
3. Deculturation
48
- is a process of learning your own culture.
- Practicing own culture
- is the process by which people learn the dynamics of their surrounding culture and acquire values and norms appropriate or necessary in that culture and worldviews. As part of this process, the influences that limit, direct, or
shape the individual include
parents, other adults, and peers.
Example: Saying po and opo, “mano”, being hospitable
ENCULTURATION
49
4 TYPES OF ENCULTURATION
FORMAL
ENCULTURATION
INFORMAL
ENCULTURATION
CONSCIOUS
ENCULTURATION
UNCONSCIOUS
ENCULTURATION
50
Thru explicit instruction
FORMAL
ENCULTURATION
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Indirectly, mostly
through observations
(reading, watching)
INFORMAL
ENCULTURATION
52
Deliberately enculturating
yourself
CONSCIOUS
ENCULTURATION
53
Thru immersion (Like in school)
UNCONSCIOUS
ENCULTURATION
54
- is a process of accommodating
desirable traits from other culture.
- Adapting or sometimes
colonization, thru survival
- is a process of social,
psychological, and cultural change that stems from the balancing of two cultures while adapting to the prevailing culture of the society.
- _______is a process in which
an individual adopts, acquires and adjusts to a new cultural
environment.
Example: kpop fashion, IP like the “ita” no longer uses “bahag”
ACCULTURATION
55
- culture has been lost and even cultural trait itself is in the process of being forgotten.
- The process of divesting a tribe or people of their indigenous traits for many native peoples brought
involuntarily and reluctantly into contact with western civilization, acculturation is all too often deculturation - David Bidney
DECULTURATION
56
- refers to the tendency of each society to place its own culture at the center of things. It is the practice of comparing other cultural practices with those of one’s own and automatically finding those practices to be inferior.
Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture.
ETHNOCENTRISM
57
- refers to the preference of the foreign. It is characterized by a strong belief that one’s own products, styles or ideas is inferior to those which originated elsewhere.
Example: When one thinks the imported products are far more effective than the
Philippine made products.
XENOCENTRISM
58
- is the idea that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should be understood based on that person's own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another.
- The objective analysis of other cultures - understanding a culture’s beliefs and practices from that culture’s point of view
- Is not about imposing judgement or assessing the with of other cultures
Example:
1) Can we judge the wearing of the burqa in Islamic communities simply because it differs from Western ideas about femininity?
2) Here in the Philippines, we do not cease to debate on the moral acceptability of contraceptives,. In another country, abortion is perfectly normal, more so the use
of artificial contraceptives
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
59
- (often reformulated as relativist ethics or relativist morality)
- is a term used to describe several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgments across different peoples and their own particular cultures.
- In detail, descriptive moral
relativism holds only that people do, in fact, disagree fundamentally about what is moral, with no judgment being expressed on the desirability of this.
MORAL RELATIVISM OR ETHICAL RELATIVISM
60
- This implies that a particular
behavior cannot be considered as a culture if there is only one person practicing it.
- Culture is shared intergenerational
CULTURE IS SHARED
61
- Humans are born into cultures that have values on beauty and body.
- As such, they alter their bodies to fit physiological norms that are dictated by their culture.
CULTURE AFFECTS BIOLOGY
62
- Culture is a tool for survival that humans use in response to the pressures of their environment.
CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE
63
- Not Flexible
- Culture can also cause problems for the people who subscribe to it.
- These problems arise when the environment is changed and culture has remained the same.
CULTURE IS MALADPATIVE
64
- The final characteristic of culture is never static.
- This dynamism of culture is due to changing needs of humans as they interpret and survive in their environment.
CULTURE CHANGES
65
ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
A. Evolutionist-Intellectual
Perspective
B. French Sociology School
Perspective
C. British Functionalist School
Perspective
66
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
A. Symbolic Interactionism
Perspective
B. Functionalist Perspective
C. Conflict Perspective
67
- explains that death and belief in soul and the spirits(embodied
spirit) play important roles
EVOLUTIONIST-INTELLECTUAL
PERSPECTIVE
68
- led by Emile Durkheim
- suggests that society can sustain and reproduce by themselves.
FRENCH SOCIOLOGY SCHOOL
PERSPECTIVE
69
- Explains anxiety caused by the rationally uncontrollable
happenings as the basic motivation for the emergence of religious faith.
BRITISH FUNCTIONALIST SCHOOL PERSPECTIVE
70
- explains that people attach
meanings to symbols and they act according to their subjective interpretation of the symbols.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
PERSPECTIVE
71
- Also called Functionalism
- believes that each aspect of
society is interdependent and
contributes to society’s functioning as a whole.
FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE
72
- Karl Max’s writing on struggles shows competition for scarce resources and how the elite control the poor and the weak.
- Society how we were monopolized
CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE
73
- biological inheritance
NATURE
74
- cultural inheritance
NURTURE
75
- refers to the process by which an individual is oriented and taught by his or her society’s norms.
SOCIALIZATION
76
- the compilation of the values,
attitudes, and beliefs that
individuals receive from their family, peers, and community enables them to create a personal identity
IDENTITY FORMATION
77
- consist of the roles and statutes that an individual learns as a child.
PRIMARY IDENTITY
78
- it refers to all those ideas held in society that are considered good, acceptable, and right.
NORMS AND VALUES
79
- the socially approved behaviors that have no moral underpinning.
- These stem from and organize casual interactions, and emerge out of repetition and routines
FOLKWAYS
80
- the norms related to moral
conventions.
- People feel strongly about mores, and violating them typically results in disapproval or ostracizing.
MORES
81
- behaviors that are absolutely
forbidden in specific cultures.
TABOOS
82
- consists of the rules and
regulations that are implemented by the state.
LAWS
83
- is an individual’s position in his or her society, which carries with it a set of defined rights and obligations.
STATUS
84
- the sets of expectations from
people who occupy a particular status.
ROLES
85
- is the act of following the roles and goals of one’s society.
CONFORMITY
86
- the act of violating the prescribed social norms.
DEVIANCE
