ucsp reviewer_1st quarter Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
is the study, analysis, and description of humanity’s past and present.
A
Anthropology
2
Q
is a Greek word that means humans
A
“Anthropos”
3
Q
is the father of Modern American Anthropology
A
Franz Boaz
4
Q
is the study of human origins (genetics, race, evolutions, fossils, and primates).
A
Biological Anthropology
5
Q
is the study of living people (religion, social system, language, clothing, foods, beliefs, traditions, etc.)
A
Cultural Anthropology
6
Q
is the study of dead culture (religion, social system, language how they dress, foods, beliefs, traditions, etc.)
A
Archaeology
7
Q
The study of language, its evolution, its connections to other languages, and others is called
A
Linguistics
8
Q
anthropology started as
A
the study of non-European people by European people (outward)
9
Q
is the scientific investigation of human culture and social behavior
A
Sociology
10
Q
is a Greek word that means companions
A
“Socius”
11
Q
is the French philosopher and mathematician who coined the term sociology.
A
Auguste Comte
12
Q
The study of human nature and its emphasis on social processes as they affect individuals or responses is called
A
Social Psychology.
13
Q
is the study of social institutions, social inequality, social mobility, religious groups, and bureaucracy.
A
Social Organization
14
Q
is an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary study of the relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments.
A
Human Ecology
15
Q
is concerned with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and
organizations.
A
Applied Sociology
16
Q
Sociology started as
A
the study of European society by European people (inward).
17
Q
is a Greek Word also known as study.
A
Logos
18
Q
is the systematic study of political and government institutions and processes.
A
Political Science
19
Q
is the art and science of governing a city/ state and a social process in any position of control in which people gain, use, or lose power
A
Politics
20
Q
in his book “Politics” stated that man is a political animal.
A
Aristotle
21
Q
it is an organized agency to which the will of the state is formulated.
A
Government
22
Q
provides an understanding of how and why different societies develop different kinds of political institutions.
A
Comparative Politics
23
Q
is concerned with developing an understanding of why states and non-state international actors interact as they do.
A
International Relations
24
Q
The branches of government are the
A
legislative, judiciary, and executive.
25
is a “complex whole” that encompasses beliefs, practices, traits, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols,
knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society. The “complex whole” above suggests that culture cannot be simply broken down into a set of characteristics. It means that an understanding of a part can only be achieved about other parts of the system.
culture
26
Culture does not exist in isolation. It is a product of society. It develops through social interaction. No man can acquire culture
without association with others.
Culture is social because it is the product of behavior
27
Every society has a culture of its own that differs from other societies. The culture of every society is unique by itself. Cultures are not uniform. Cultural elements like customs, traditions, morals, values, and beliefs are not constant
Culture varies from society to society.
28
Culture is not something that an individual alone can possess. Culture, in a sociological sense, is shared. For example,
people of a society share all customs, traditions, beliefs, ideas, values, morals, etc.
culture is shared
28
Culture is not inborn. It is learned. Unlearned behavior then, is not culture. Shaking hands, saying thanks, etc. are cultural
behaviors. Not all behaviors are learned, but most of these can be. Combing hair, standing in line, telling jokes, criticizing the
president, and going to the movies all constitute behaviors that need to be learned.
Culture is learned.
29
Cultural ways are learned by people from others. Many of these ways are handed down from elders, parents, teachers, and
others (most likely individuals of the older generation), while other cultural behaviors are handed up to elders. Transmission
of culture is made possible by language. Language is the main vehicle of culture. Transmission of culture may take place
also through imitation as well as through instruction.
Culture is transmitted among members of society.
29
Culture exists as a continuous process. In its historical growth, it tends to become cumulative. Ralph Linton called culture “the social heritage” of man. No culture ever remains constant or permanent. It is subject to slow but constant variation. Likewise, culture is responsive to the changing conditions of the physical world; hence, it is dynamic.
Culture is continuous and cumulative.
30
Culture provides proper opportunities for the satisfaction of our needs and desires. Our needs, both biological and social,
are fulfilled in cultural ways. Culture consists of the intellectual, artistic, and social ideals, and institutions that members of the
society profess and strive to confirm.
Culture is gratifying and idealistic.
31
is a belief that cultures are equally complex. There is no such thing as superior or inferior culture. is very important in studying the culture of other people. It is a way of viewing the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from its viewpoint. Another way to say this is that others should understand an individual’s beliefs and activities in terms of that person’s own culture.
cultural relativism
31
palaios
old
31
the term “Paleolithic” was coined by
archaeologist John Lubbock in 1865
31
is a belief that one’s own culture is better than others. They tend to compare, evaluate, and even judge other
people’s ways based on the values and standards set in one’s own culture. They tend to become biased and judge another
culture as bad and wrong
Ethnocentrism
32
lithos
stone
32
In short, the Paleolithic Period, which happened 2.5 million years ago, is also known as
old stone age
33
In the Paleolithic period, the Earth was extremely cold and ocean levels were much lower than they are now. Due to the cold climate, much of the Stone Age is also called
ice age
34
During these years, people were nomads and able to use simple tools and weapons made of unpolished stone. The
caves served as their shelter. Similarly, this was the time when people discovered to use the fire, with stone, for their protection
against cold temperatures and to cook their food.
Paleolithic Period
34
neo
new
34
“New Stone Age” which happened for about 10,000 B.C.
neolithic period
34
In this period, the Cro Magnon disappeared, and the new people who are considered the modern man appeared
35
The Neolithic Revolution is also called the
First Agricultural Revolution
36
During this period, there was a wide-scale
transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to of agriculture and settlement kind of society
which eventually led to population increase. People depend on domesticated plants and animals. They learned to create such
crafts as pottery and weaving. They likewise developed boats as a means of transportation and for fishing as well.
neolithic period
36
From being nomads during the early stage, humans began to develop a sedentary type of society in which they built up
villages and towns. They kept on discovering things for their convenience. So, they discovered metals, and they gradually
abandoned stone as the basic element for their instrument and tools
Age of Metals (4000 B.C – 1500 B.C)
37
There were three stages distinguished within this Age due to the different types of metals that were used:
The Copper Age,
the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age
37
was the first known metal, it is of a low hardness, and it was used to make ornaments
copper
38
is an alloy of copper and tin, and it is harder and stronger than copper
bronze
39
During this age, agricultural tools were
developed with bronze, such as plows and sickles, military weapons like swords, spears, and shields, as well as
household utensils like jars, bowls, and cups. Likewise, a more developed social, cultural, political, and economic system
was improved. Tribes, empires, and states were recognized at this point.
age of metal
40
One of the earliest states and civilizations was found in the Fertile Crescent which is known as
mesopotamian civilization
41
The word Mesopotamia is a Greek word for
Land between two rivers
42
One of the first writing systems, is one of the most important
civilizations in the history of Mesopotamian culture. This invention was so important that it marked the end of prehistory.
and the beginning of history.
cuneiform
43
Every city in Mesopotamia had its government, rulers, warriors, and patron god, and functioned like an independent country.
Mesopotamian cities were
Ur, Uruk, Kish, and Lagesh.
44
There is a temple at the center of each city called a
ziggurat
45
Egyptians called their king a
pharaoh
46
he won the War of the Roses in England, which led to what is known as the Tudor dynasty and began the development of the English nation-state.
Henry VII
46
they took Spain back from the Muslims. It became the era of Spain as a global power.
Spanish monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella
47
is the transition to a more
democratic political regime, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction
Democratization
47
is a form of government where the citizens of the nation have the power to vote.
democracy
48
simply means the process of learning about one’s society and its culture. It is moreover the same as interacting, mingling, and being with other people or groups within/ outside of your society.
Socialization
49
Do you know that different groups of people influence your orientations and perspectives on
life? These groups are called
agents of socialization
50
This is when the socialization process is crucial and intense.Most of the habits, manners, beliefs, and the way we think are developed in the
family
51
Here, you interact or socialize with other people- your classmates, teachers, administrators, and others who are outside your family within a society.
school
52
Your circle of friends is also an agent of socialization. It is called a
peer group
53
Parents and other authorities are called the
initiators of enculturation
53
as an agent of socialization plays a crucial role in shaping your personality as well
social media
53
is the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture and acquire values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture.
. Enculturation
53
is composed of two or more persons interacting with each other and guided by a set of norms
group
53
are marked by concern for one another, shared activities and culture, and long periods spent together.
Sample Groups: Family, Playgroup, Village/Neighborhood, Work-team
primary group
54
involve weak emotional ties and little personal knowledge of one another. It includes groups in which one exchanges explicit commodities, such as labor for wages, services for payments, and such.
Sample Groups: Nation, Church Hierarchy, Professional Association, Corporation, University classes, Athletic teams, and groups of coworkers.
secondary groups
54
Belonging to the same group as others who share the same common bond and interests and who are more likely to understand each other
Sample Groups: Sports teams, Unions, and Sororities
in-group
55
Those who do not belong to the in-group are part of the out-group, which exists in the perceptions of the in-group members
and takes on social reality as a result of behavior by in-group members who use the out-group as a negative point
of reference
out-group
56
It is a collection of people that we use as a standard of comparison for ourselves regardless of whether we are part of that group. We rely on reference groups to understand social norms, which then shape our values, ideas, behavior, and appearance
Reference Groups
57
is a collection of people tied together by a specific pattern of connections. They can be characterized by the number
of people involved, as in the dyad (by twos) and triad (by threes), but also in terms of their structures (who is connected to
whom) and functions (what flows across ties).
network
