UDOL Final Exam Study Guide

Question 1

Elements of life (smallest to largest)

Answer 1

electron, atom, cell, tissue

Question 2

Elements of life (largest to smallest)

Answer 2

tissue, cell, atom, electron

Question 3

Which type of molecules ends in -ose?

Answer 3

sugar

Question 4

Which type of molecules ends in -ase?

Answer 4

enzyme

Question 5

prokaryotes

Answer 5

lack a nucleus
DNA is less structured and shaped like a loop
unicellular
organelles: cell wall, cytoplasm, flagella and pili, nucleoids, plasmids
examples: bacteria, archaea

Question 6

eukaryotes

Answer 6

contain a nucleus
made up of cells with membrane-enclosed organelles
DNA is bound in the nucleus
unicellular or multicellular
examples: animals, protists, plants, fungi
DNA is organized into chromosomes

Question 7

genus

Answer 7

identified by the first part of a binomial, a group of species that share a recent common ancestor

Question 8

species

Answer 8

a group of organisms capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding

Question 9

What are the three functions of proteins?

Answer 9

builds and repairs tissue, allows metabolic reactions to take place, coordinates bodily functions

Question 10

Where do we find lipids?

Answer 10

in fats and oils

Question 11

Are fungi prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 11

eukaryotes

Question 12

What are the cell membrane’s functions?

Answer 12

regulates what enters and leaves the cytoplasm, enclose cells lining the sweat glands

Question 13

What is the purpose of phylogenetic trees?

Answer 13

displays the evolutionary relationships of organisms with a common ancestor

Question 14

What is the end result of photosynthesis?

Answer 14

the production of carbohydrates and oxygen

Question 15

Why are thylakoid membranes critical to photosynthesis?

Answer 15

stores chlorophyll and lumen, maintains concentration gradients

Question 16

Why are chloroplasts critical to photosynthesis?

Answer 16

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast.

Question 17

How is genetic material structured in prokaryotes?

Answer 17

loosely-structured, shaped like a loop

Question 18

DNA

Answer 18

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 19

ATP

Answer 19

adenosine triphosphate

Question 20

What are the four macromolecules?

Answer 20

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

Question 21

What do mitochondria produce in terms of energy?

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

cocci

Answer 22

coccus, round

Question 23

bacilli

Answer 23

bacillus

Question 24

mitochondria

Answer 24

mitochondrion

Question 25

cyto-

Answer 25

cell

Question 26

What does the plant cell wall primarily consist of?

Answer 26

cellulose

Question 27

lysosome

Answer 27

a type of protein and enzyme found in tears, mucus, and saliva contains digestive enzymes

Question 28

lysosome secondary structure

Answer 28

consists of alpha helices and beta sheets, determined by hydrogen bonding

Question 29

lysosome tertiary structure

Answer 29

three-dimensional, formed by the interactions between amino acid side chains

Question 30

What is bound to an active site?

Answer 30

substrate

Question 31

How do bacteria divide?

Answer 31

through binary fission

Question 32

How do cells move?

Answer 32

using flagella and cilia

Question 33

flagellum

Answer 33

tails

Question 34

cilia

Answer 34

hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane

Question 35

What is a strand of cocci called?

Answer 35

streptococci

Question 36

bacteriophage

Answer 36

complex shape with heads, sheaths, and tails

Question 37

How are viruses identified?

Answer 37

shape, size, nucleic acids, type of host

Question 38

gram-positive color

Answer 38

purple, blue

Question 39

gram-negative color

Answer 39

pink, red

Question 40

What is tonicity?

Answer 40

the measure of how much matter is in a solution

Question 41

What shape is a bacillus?

Answer 41

rod-shaped

Question 42

What shape is a coccus?

Answer 42

round

Question 43

How are trees connected?

Answer 43

by mycelium

Question 44

What do trees share with each other?

Answer 44

water, nutrients, nitrogen

Question 45

What are big trees known as?

Answer 45

mother trees, hub trees

Question 46

What does saline have the same tonicity as?

Answer 46

blood

Question 47

isotonic

Answer 47

having the same tonicity

Question 48

hypotonic

Answer 48

below, causes cells to burst

Question 49

hypertonic

Answer 49

above, shrivels up cells

Question 50

solute

Answer 50

dissolves in water

Question 51

solvent

Answer 51

water, H2O

Question 52

What do mitochondria produce?

Answer 52

Mitochondria produce ATP.

Question 53

What are the four body systems?

Answer 53

thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, cranial vault, digestive tract

Question 54

digestive tract

Answer 54

GI tract, intestines, esophagus

Question 55

thoracic cavity

Answer 55

trachea, lungs, diaphragm

Question 56

abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 56

GI tract, abdomen, liver, spleen, kidneys

Question 57

How do humans influence animal behavior?

Answer 57

training, luring animals for hunting, feedlots, turning off lights to aid birds in migration, breeding

Question 58

What are three species of ruminants?

Answer 58

cows, sheep, goats