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MedSurg 2 > UE 1 > Flashcards

UE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Absorbs molecules and minerals that would pass through your wall

A

Absorption

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2
Q

Enzyme that aids in starch ( white organic compound from green plants)

A

Amylase

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3
Q

The mixture when the food being associated with saliva

food becomes a semi fluid mass/paste

S E M

A

Chyme

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4
Q

Occurs after your g i would do the absorption and reabsorption process

We need to evacuate excess by-product

A

Elimination

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5
Q

Three phases of elimination

A

Urination
Perspiration and
elimination

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6
Q

Patient being inserted with tube inside the mouth to know what’s happening in the stomach lining

A

Fibroscopy

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7
Q

HCL normal value

A

1.5-2.0

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8
Q

Parietal cell with not do HCL

Manifestations:
1. Presence of gas/flatulence
2. Bloated
3. Constipation (limited motility, hypoactive bowel sounds, high fiber and fluids)

A

Hypocholorohydria

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9
Q

Hypochlorohydria
Nursing interventions:

A
  1. Give HCl supplement (to stimulate parietal cell)
    - betadine hydrochloroxide
  2. Vitamins essential for digestion
    -Zinc
    -calcium
    -vit B complex (B12 cobalamin)
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10
Q

process of absorbing nutrients or food into the body by eating or drinking

A

Ingestion

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11
Q

Gastric secretion (needs cobalamin) for reabsorption of nutrients

A

Intrinsic factor

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12
Q

Enzyme for fat

A

Lipase

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13
Q

Enzyme for protein (sodium bicarbonate
Found in your pancreas

A

Pepsin

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14
Q

Enzyme found in small intestine
villi: cats amino acid/ peptide to be absorbed by the body

A

Trypsin

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15
Q

GI Tract length

A

23-26 ft long

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16
Q

2 process of digestion in mouth

A

Mechanical: mastication
Chemical: saliva

Oral cavity

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17
Q

Carry food to esophagus

A

Pharynx

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18
Q

Carry food to stomach
prevents reflux of gastric contents
do passive diffusion

A

Esophagus

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19
Q

Secretes bile
purify blood thus accommodate new nutrients inside the body

A

Liver

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20
Q

Storage of your food chemical digestion is happening

A

Stomach

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21
Q

Stores bile
bile release in small intestine

A

Gallbladder

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22
Q

Absorb water

A

Large intestine

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23
Q

Create pancreatic juices

A

Pancreas

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24
Q

Has 3 sisters: D J I
help in further digestion of nutrients

A

Small intestine

Important: Ileum because it’s absorbs vitamins minerals fats and proteins

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25
Q

8 inches chamber
receives stool going into colon send signal to the brain (cerebrum) to eliminate

A

Rectum

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26
Q

Passageway of stool going out to the body

A

Anus

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27
Q

Functions of GI

A

-chewing and swallowing
- gastric function
- digestive enzyme

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28
Q

I. Food is being broken down into pieces ( process of chemical)
II. 1.5 liters of saliva is secreted daily (parotid gland)
III. Ptyalin - enzyme that begins digestion of starches ( first digestion of starch)
IV. 2 lubricants that facilitate swallowing ( water and mucus)

A

Chewing and swallowing

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29
Q

Voluntary
Medulla oblongata

A

Swallowing

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30
Q

Also an enzyme for amylase

A

Saliva

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31
Q

I. Stomach
II. HCl - 2.4 L/day ang ma produce
III. Pepsin
IV. Intrinsic Factor - Cobalamin
V. Peristaltic Contraction - ipropel niya imong gikaon sa stomach
- it would take 30 minutes to propel the residual going into your stomach to the pylorus

A

Gastric function

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32
Q

A storage or a site where gastric and hcl acid is associated with food

A

Stomach

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33
Q

What are the digestive enzymes

A

Ptyalin
Amylase
Sucrase
Lactase

All of them are responsible for carbohydrates

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34
Q

Enzymes responsible for protein breakdown

A

Pepsin
Trypsin
Aminopeptidase
HCl

35
Q

Enzyme for fats

A

Steapsin
Pancreatic Lipase
Bile

36
Q

Major gastrointestinal regulatory substance

A

-acetylcholine
-norepinephrine
-gastrin
-cholecystokinin
- secretin
-histamine

37
Q

Stimulate production of gastric juices

has and effect in secretion

A

Acetylcholine

38
Q

Inhibitory (pangpaubos)

I-slow down niya tanan so that all the gastric juice will be at a minimum amount

A

Norepinephrine

39
Q

For stomach distension with food

Bisag unsa ka daghan food ma accomodate gihapon sa tiyan

Iyang i-increase ang gastric level

A

Gastrin

40
Q

Fats in your duodenum

breakdown of fats to doudenum to prevent cholecystitis

releases bile to break down fat

A

Cholecystokinin

41
Q

pH in your chyme

A

Secretin

42
Q

Appendix is responsible for this hormone

responsible for preventing allergic reactions to GI

A

Histamine

43
Q

Small Intestine Function

A

Segmentation Contraction
Intestinal Contraction

44
Q

Produces mixing waves that moves the intestinal contents back and forth in a churning motion

iyang ipaubos ang food

prevent food reflux

A

Segmentation contraction

45
Q

Propels the contents of the small intestine towards the colon

Padung na elimination

Chyme would stay for 3-6 hours sa small intestine

Reabsorption of minerals and nutrients (ileum)

A

Intestinal Contraction

46
Q

I. 4 hours after eating - waste and residua would pass into ileum (in the ileum there is a persitaltic wave- one responsible for reabsorption of fats)
II. Major bacteria
III. Effiecient reaborption

A

Colon Function

47
Q

Colon Function:
Found in large intestine

Helps in the development of parietal cell

Aids in breakdown of waste (scavengers)

A

II. Major Bacteria

48
Q

Colon Function:

villi is not enough for reabsorption

A

III. Efficient reabsorption

49
Q

Colon Function: III. Efficient Reabsorption

2 components (B&M)

A
  1. electrolyte solution (bicarbonate)
  2. Mucus
50
Q

Neutralize acidity inside the stomach

A

Electrolyte solution

Neutralizer: bicarbonate

51
Q

Provides adherence for fecal masses

A

Mucus

52
Q

Gerontologic considerations

A

Age-related changes
Low GI motility
Malabsorption
Incontinence

53
Q

Assessment

A
  1. Ask for (abdominal) pain
    -common: ulcer
    -sharp, dull, aching
    -Location aha ang pain (quadrants)
  2. Is the patient experiencing dyspepsia
  3. Elimination Pattern (pila ka days malibang)
  4. Has any previous surgery
  5. Changes in bowel and bladder movement
  6. Culture and Consideration sa Pt.

weight and abdominal girth

54
Q

Indigestion
Common Manifestation:
-Bloating
-Pyrosis (heartburn)
-Fullness
Assess: ask if pt. ate any fatty foods
Causes: fatty foods and stress

A

Dyspepsia

55
Q

Sensation of sickness
Ask/Assess:
Unsay gikaon
Recall of foods past 24 hours

Tramadol - titrate

A

Nausea and Vomiting

56
Q

Ask:
Nikaon ba ug gaseous food (eg. chewing gum), foods high in fiber (eg. cabbage) or roughage foods

A

Intestinal Gas

57
Q

NDCF

A

No Dark Colored Foods
-iron, red meat, chocolate, has coloring (eg. coke)

58
Q

Stool Characteristics

A
  1. Bulky, foamy and greasy
  2. Light-Gray
  3. Mucoid
  4. Small, dry rock-hard masses
  5. Loose, watery
59
Q

Stool characteristics

Bulky, foamy and greasy

A

sign of infection

60
Q

Stool characteristics

Light-gray and Mucoid

A

Bowel disease/disorder

61
Q

Stool characteristics

Small, dry rock hard masses

A

Constipation

62
Q

Stool characteristics

Loose, watery

A

Diarrhea

63
Q

Assessment sequence

A

I A PE PA

auscultation: 5-35 clicks

64
Q

a series of tests done on a stool (feces) sample to help diagnose certain conditions affecting the digestive tract. These conditions can include infection (such as from parasites, viruses, or bacteria), poor nutrient absorption, or cancer.

A

Stool Examination

65
Q

is a lab test used to check stool samples for hidden (occult) blood. Occult blood in the stool may indicate colon cancer or polyps in the colon or rectum — though not all cancers or polyps bleed.

-if suspected of GI bleeding; to determine MELENA

A

Fecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT)

66
Q

Nursing consideration of FOBT

A
  1. 1 week before test, avoid fresh fruits and vegetables, red meat
  2. Do not drink iron and Vit C
  3. White meat is okay
67
Q

A distinct green color (no blue), appearing on or at the edge of the smear within 60 seconds after adding Hemoccult developer should be interpreted as negative for occult blood. A blue or blue-green color should be interpreted as positive for occult blood

A

Hemoccult II

68
Q

Pus of blood in the upper abdomen, INSIDE

A

Melena

69
Q

Fresh blood present in stool, OUTSIDE

A

Hematochezia

70
Q

-Evaluate Carbohydrate absorption
-Evaluate the number of bacteria present in intestine

A

Hydrogen Breath Test

71
Q

if naay kidney problem, physician will basically order this test

fremitus breath

A

Urea Breath Test

72
Q

-High frequency soundwave
-Provide information for direct treatment
-Internal body structure only

A

Ultrasonography

73
Q

To see what’s happening inside the stomach

A

Endoscopic Ultrasonography

74
Q

Barium Swallow
Fluoroscopic Exam
Multiple Xrays
Enteroclysis

A

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Study

75
Q

Assess if allergic to iodine and shellfish
Assess kidney function (kung maka ihi ba)
-Give visualization in any areas of obstruction
-See polyps/tumor
-After 1 hour of drinking barium, will do multiple xrays

A

Barium Swallowing

76
Q

up to 1L of radio isotope ipa inom sa patient
NC:
NPO
Colon Cleansing (laxatives)
Drink lots of fluids aron ma eliminate ang dye

A

Enteroclysis

77
Q

Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Study

A

15-30 mins during x-ray images are obtained
1. Double and water contrast agent
2. CT Scan
3. MRI
4. Endoscopy
5. Colonoscopy
6. Sigmoidoscopy

78
Q

15-30 mins during x-ray images or obtained

4 plates

A

Anterior
Posterior
Side-lateral (left and right)

79
Q

Double and water contrast agent

A

-give laxative (dolculax)
Preparation:
1. Cleansing bowel
2. NPO
3. Increase oral intake
4. Assess the bowel function

80
Q

-Cross Sectional
-Pwede ra mogamit ug contrast dye
-surrounding system
-painless

A

CT Scan

81
Q

-Most powerful among the 3
-Evaluates blood vessel, presence of polyps and any obstruction
-Uses radio waves

Preparation:
1. Ask if claustrophobic
2. Loud sounds are normal
3. Never contract an MRI if there are any metal/plates worn

A

MRI

82
Q

Position in Endoscopy

A

Left lateral position

83
Q

To evaluate GI as well as tissue for cytology

NC:
-8 hours before: NPO post-midnight
-Give atropine sulfate (anticholinergic) - moubos ang salivary secretion ug gastric motility
-usually runs 30 mins

WOF:
Frequent swallowing
Return of gag reflex (if naa pa, i-NPO pa)
30 mins before naka anesthesia, lidocaine spray usually gina hatag

A

Endoscopy

84
Q

-Sa lobot i-agi
-If perforated ang lobot, i-agi nalang sa large intestine
-Position: left lateral knee chest position

Preparation:
Colon cleansing (laxative) 8 hours before
Lavage - labhan ang large intestine, usually sa pt. na NPO

WOF:
Nausea
Bloating
Cramps
Abdominal fullness

A

Colonoscopy

MedSurg 2 (2 decks)

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