uhhfyt Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are CNS drugs?
CNS drugs are medications that affect the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord.
What is the purpose of anxiolytics and sedatives?
Anxiolytics and sedatives are used to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.
Examples include benzodiazepines (e.g., lorazepam, diazepam), barbiturates, and certain antihistamines.
How do anxiolytics and sedatives work?
They generally enhance the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, resulting in sedative and calming effects.
What is the purpose of antidepressants?
Antidepressants are used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and sometimes chronic pain.
Examples include SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine, sertraline), SNRIs (e.g., venlafaxine), TCAs (e.g., amitriptyline), and MAOIs.
How do antidepressants work?
They generally work by increasing levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, or dopamine.
What is the purpose of antipsychotics?
Antipsychotics manage symptoms of psychosis, such as delusions and hallucinations, especially in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Examples include typical antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol) and atypical antipsychotics (e.g., risperidone, olanzapine).
How do antipsychotics work?
They typically block dopamine receptors to reduce dopaminergic activity, which helps control psychotic symptoms.
What is the purpose of mood stabilizers?
Mood stabilizers stabilize mood swings, particularly in bipolar disorder.
Examples include lithium, valproic acid, and carbamazepine.
How do mood stabilizers work?
Mechanism of action varies by drug, but may involve effects on ion channels, neurotransmitters, and intracellular signaling pathways.
What is the purpose of stimulants?
Stimulants increase alertness and energy; they are commonly used for ADHD and narcolepsy.
Examples include methylphenidate and amphetamine salts (e.g., Adderall).
How do stimulants work?
They increase levels of dopamine and norepinephrine to improve focus and energy.
What is the purpose of anticonvulsants (antiepileptics)?
Anticonvulsants prevent seizures in epilepsy.
Examples include phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, and lamotrigine.
How do anticonvulsants work?
They typically work by stabilizing neuronal membranes, affecting ion channels, or enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission.
What is the purpose of opioid analgesics?
Opioid analgesics treat moderate to severe pain.
Examples include morphine, oxycodone, and fentanyl.
How do opioid analgesics work?
They bind to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, reducing pain perception.
What is the purpose of anesthetics?
Anesthetics are used to induce loss of sensation or consciousness during surgical procedures.
Examples include propofol, ketamine, and sevoflurane.
How do anesthetics work?
They often enhance GABAergic activity or inhibit excitatory neurotransmitters.
What is the purpose of CNS stimulants?
CNS stimulants increase mental alertness and are commonly used for ADHD and narcolepsy.
Examples include caffeine, methylphenidate, and amphetamines.
How do CNS stimulants work?
They increase levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.
