UIC 2015 Flashcards
(111 cards)
0
Q
Lens capsule thickest?
A
Just anterior and posterior to equator
1
Q
Dimensions of the lens?
A
9mm equatorially and 5mm a-p
2
Q
Greatest mitotic activity of lens at?
A
Equatorial epithelial cells
3
Q
Carbohydrate metabolism of lens is mostly?
A
Anaerobic glycolysis
4
Q
What % of peters get glaucoma? Are bilateral?
A
Glaucoma 50% and bilateral 80%
5
Q
Most common type of congenital cataract?
A
Lamellar
6
Q
Normal aging lens index of refraction does what?
A
Decrease from decreasing presence of insoluble proteins
7
Q
Cause of snowflake cataracts?
A
Diabetes
8
Q
Cataracts in downs?
A
Cerulean
9
Q
When does A constant in Len equation increase?
A
More posterior placement of IOL
10
Q
Indications for ICCE?
A
Poor zonule integrity
11
Q
Which piggyback IOL leads to most inter lenticular opacification?
A
2 acrylic
12
Q
CTR contraindications?
A
Radial capsular tears, PC rupture, zonular weakness progression
13
Q
Duty cycle?
A
Amount of time phaco power is being delivered
14
Q
Brown McLean?
A
Peripheral corneal edema with central guttata
15
Q
Urretz-Zavalia?
A
Fixed dilated pupil with iris atrophy
16
Q
Fabry’s enzyme and substance that accumulates?
A
Alpha galactosidase and ceramide trihexoside
17
Q
How many SPCA and LPCA are there?
A
7 and 2
18
Q
Height of tarsus?
A
11mm upper lid and 4mm lower lid
19
Q
Nasociliary nerve innervates what?
A
Tip of nose, medial canthus, long ciliary nerves - cornea and cilia body, short ciliary nerves - globe sensation
20
Q
Dorsal ophthalmic artery becomes?
A
Ophthalmic artery, temporal LPCA, spca, CRA
21
Q
Ventral ophthalmic artery becomes?
A
Nasal LPCA
22
Q
3 waves of cornea neural crest migration?
A
1 corneal endothelium
2 cornea stroma
3 iris stroma
23
Q
Aqueous outflow?
A
AC, uveal mesh work, corneoscleral meshwork, juxtacanalicular tissue, schlemm canal, collector channels, aqueous veins, episcleral veins, superior orbital vein
24
What valve is blocked in congenital NLDO?
Hasner
25
What marker do orbital fibroblasts express uniquely?
CD40
26
What type of flow on Doppler do capillary hemangioma shows?
High flow
27
Management of adenoid cystic carcinomas?
Incisional biopsy, radical eye teraflop +/- radiation, intra-arterial cytotoxic time chemotherapy
28
Where is location of lymphoma with highest risk of systemic lymphoma?
Eyelid, then orbit, then conjunctiva
29
Craniosynostosis strabismus pattern?
V exotropia
30
Gene for Crouzon? Saethre-chotzen?
FGFR2 and TWIST
31
Tool for cultures? Viral?
Metal spatula or calcium alginate swab. Viral use Dacron swab
32
Iris finding in JXG?
Heterochromia
33
Eye findings in NF2?
Cataracts (PSC and wedge), retinal hamartoma, combined retina and RPE hamartoma, nevi, myelinated NFL
34
Systemic findings in tuberous?
Cardiac rhabdomyoma and renal angiomyolipoma
35
How does congenital nystagmus change with fixation and convergence?
Worsens with fixation and improves with convergence. Inverted OKN response, always horizontal uniplanar
36
What % of primary congenital glaucoma is bilateral?
2/3, more in males
37
Morning glory disc - at risk for? Associations? Testing?
Serous RD, Moyamoya and basal encephalocele, mri and mra
38
What is 1mm change by hirschberg in PD and degrees?
15PD and 7 degrees
39
What is inheritance of lowe? What % get glaucoma?
X recessive, 50-70%
40
ACA ratio?
PD+ (near deviation - distance deviation)/(diopters of accommodation)
41
Describe horner's pharmacological testing
Cocaine fails to dilate horner's pupil. Hydroxyamphetamine fails to dilate 3 horner's pupil. Apraclonidine causes reversal of anisocoria in horner's
42
What visual field defect does infarct of LGN cause?
Sectoranopia
43
What localized to temporal lobe?
Formed visual hallucinations, agnosia, proposagnosia (recognize faces)
44
What localizes to parietal lobe?
Simultagnosia, optic ataxia
45
What localizes to frontal lobe?
Slow initiation of saccades, ocular motor apraxia, square wave jerks
46
Majority of optic neuritis is where?
2/3 retrobulbar 1/3 optic disc swelling
47
Main treatment for optic nerve meningioma?
Radiation
48
Screen dominant optic atrophy for what?
Hearing loss
49
Describe disc findings in Lebers
Vascular tortuosity, circumpapillary telangiectatic microangiopathy, disk pseudoedema (no leakage on FA)
50
Each increase in VCD raises risk of glaucomatous change by how much?
32%
51
Describe CCT effect on risk of developing POAG
Each 40 microns thinner leads to 81% increase in relative risk for developing POAG
52
What % of population is steroid responders?
1/3
53
Avoid pilocarpine in what glaucoma?
Uveitic (increases breakdown of blood aqueous barrier)
54
Which beta blocker is selective?
Betaxolol
55
Which beta blocker has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity?
Carteolol
56
Which beta blocker is reported to be associated with iritis?
Metipranolol
57
What factors five falsely high iop?
Thick cornea, too much fluorescein, ATR astigmatism, forceful lid eversion, tight collar or tie
58
What factors give falsely lower IOP?
Thin corneas, LASIK, corneal edema, not enough fluorescein, WTR astigmatism
59
Treatment of FHIC?
Steroids not effective, control pressure
60
Angle recession associated with glaucoma in fellow eye?
Yes 50%
61
What are risks for steroid induced glaucoma?
Family history of POAG, myopia, diabetes
62
MOA of brimonidine?
Alpha 2 agonist
63
Risks of mitomycin C?
Hypotony and Bleb leaks and infections
64
What uveitic disease is associated with intra-iris hemorrhage?
HSV
65
What lab is elevated in TINU?
Urinary beta 2 microglobulin
66
What % of scleritis is necrotizing? Bilateral?
2/3 and 50%
67
What toxo med should be avoided in pregnant or lactating women?
Pyrimethamine
68
What factor is responsible for splitting eye field?
Sonic hedgehog
69
RPE cells are what type?
Cuboidal
70
When do rods and cones shed discs?
Rods at dawn and cones at dusk
71
Light leads to what changes in RPE?
Drop in K in the subretinal space and hyper polarization of RPE (6mV, C wave of ERG)
72
What is peak absorption of rhodopsin?
510nm green
73
Where is highest concentration of rods?
20 degrees from fixation
74
Which are light adapted responses on ERG?
Single flash cone response and 30 Hz flicker
75
What do waves of ERG represent?
A photoreceptors
B bipolar and Müller cells
C RPE
76
Multifocal erg tests what?
Central 25 degrees of fixation
77
EOG tests what? What is abnormal?
Standing potential of RPE, light dark (Arden) ratio below 1.85 abnormal
78
VEP measure primarily what?
Macular response
79
What is wavelength of light used in PDT?
689 mm
80
Where is the hemorrhage in valsalva retinopathy?
Sub-ILM space
81
What is stage 4 sickle retinopathy?
Vitreous hemorrhage
82
What refractive error increases risk of AMD?
Hyperopia
83
Developmental precursors to retinal breaks?
Enclosed Ora bays, Meridional folds and complexes, cystic retinal tufts, zonular traction tufts
84
Buckle indications?
Dialysis in young, absence of PVD, inferior breaks, phakic RD from atrophic holes in young myopes
85
Vitrectomy indications?
PVR and vitreous hemorrhage
86
Indications for pneumatic Retinopexy?
Breaks within superior 8 clock hours, break within 1 clock area, absence of PVR
87
What is best indicator for progression to threshold ROP diseases?
Zone
88
Gene for FEVR?
FZD4, 55% no family history
89
What is wavelength of ROP laser?
810nm. Regular is 532nm
90
What cytology suggests lymphoma?
IL-10/IL-6 > 1
91
What is associated with SLK?
Thyroid disease
92
Signs of limbal stem cell deficiency?
Recurrent epi defect, conjunctivalization, superficial Neovascularization, corneal ulcer and scarring, late staining fluorescein, loss of palisades of Vogt
93
Causes of limbal stem cell deficiency?
Congenital - aniridia, ectodermal Dysplasia
Inflammatory - Pemphigoid, SJS, AKC, GVHD
Toxic - CL, SLK, MMC, injury
94
Meesman - gene? Distribution? Pathology?
KRT3 (cytoskeletal proteins), limbus to limbus, peculiar substance in vesicles
95
What is gene in Fuchs?
COL8A2
96
Consider PK for Fuchs if endo counts and pachy are what?
Below 1000/mm2 or > 650 um
97
Causes of Salzmann nodular degeneration?
Phlyctenules, IK, trachoma, CL, staph hypersensitivity
98
When do SEI develop in EKC?
14-20 days
99
What are contraindications to DALK?
Endothelial dysfunction - edema or posterior dystrophy
epithelial dysfunction - LSCD, chronic surface disease
severe Ectasias
100
Best way to isolate rods?
Blue light
101
What cellular reactions happen when light strikes a photoreceptor?
Decreased cGMP and closed sodium channel
102
How many more times sensitive are rods vs cones?
1000 times
103
What binds with opsin to make rodopsin?
11-cis-retinal
104
Colorblind 20/200 va, normal retina, poor cone function on erg. What is Dx and inheritance and mutation?
Rod monochromatism (achromatopsia), AR, cGMP mutations
105
Child with Reduced B wave on erg, nystagmus, poor vision, nyctalopia. Disease?
CSNB, will see macular carotenoids (unlike albinism)
106
Acquired nyctalopia, reduced color vision, reduced b wave on erg. Rule out what?
Cancer (melanoma)
107
What drugs can reduce b wave and give optic atrophy?
Methanol and quinine
108
Which gene in LCA is in a clinical trial with promising results?
RPE65
109
Bulls eye, optic pallor, bright ILM reflex?
Battens disease
110
How to diagnose juvenile x-linked Retinoschisis? Treatment?
Reduced b wave on ERG, CAI drops
