UK economy *

Question 1

Which three factors caused economic change in the UK?

Answer 1

globalisation
government policies
deindustrialisation

Question 2

What is globalisation?

Answer 2

the way in which the world has become more interconnected

Question 3

What has globalisation led to?

Answer 3

an increase in world trade, foreign investment and communication between different countries and the sharing of ideas

Question 4

What is the commonwealth?

Answer 4

an association comprising the UK, its dependencies, and many former British colonies

Question 5

What has happened to the manufacturing industry?

Answer 5

dramatically decreased
from about 55% to about 9%

Question 6

How do government policies manage the UK economy?

Answer 6

through the treasury - each year a budget is produced, which sets things such as minimum wage, spending on public services and levels of tax

Question 7

How does encouraging foreign investment from large transnational companies like Nissan help?

Answer 7

• employs 7000 people - brings jobs and money to the area which supports many other UK businesses
• also encourages other countries to locate here

Question 8

How did privatised companies make money for the government?

Answer 8

they were owned by the government and then sold to individuals or other companies

Question 9

What happened when markets were deregulated?

Answer 9

the government became less involved in running things and some companies had to find better ways to make a profit

Question 10

What was the impact of lots of factories and coal pits being closed?

Answer 10

lots of UK jobs lost and they began to go overseas

Question 11

Which sector grew the most after the manufacturing sector declined?

Answer 11

the service sector

Question 12

What is deindustrialisation?

Answer 12

the decline of the manufacturing industry

Question 13

What is a post industrial economy?

Answer 13

where manufacturing industry declines to be replaced by growth in the service sector and the development of a quaternary sector
this happened in the service sector

Question 14

There was a decrease in secondary sector jobs, meaning more …… jobs were created?

Answer 14

tertiary and quaternary

Question 15

Which industries have developed and grown in the post-industrial economy?

Answer 15

IT, finance, research

Question 16

What are science and business parks?

Answer 16

special places for company offices
they are often found on the edge of cities like Cambridge, where there is good accessibility
also located near universities to develop an educated work force

Question 17

How have roads been developed?

Answer 17

resurfacing and building new roads
smart motorways

Question 18

How have railways been developed?

Answer 18

the planned building of the new highspeed rail the HS2, which will cost around £43 billion
it will dramatically cut journey times and connect the north and the south

Question 19

How have ports been developed?

Answer 19

the London gateway on the thames estuary which opened in 2013
it can accommodate the largest container ships in the world

Question 20

How have airports been developed?

Answer 20

a third runway in heathrow airport
estimated to generate around £147 billion over 60 years

Question 21

How does investment in infrastructure help?

Answer 21

• improving transport allows businesses to move easier around the UK
• spreads economic growth to northern cities

Question 22

What is sustainability?

Answer 22

development that meets the needs of the present without limiting the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 23

Where is the nissan factory and how many people does it employ?

Answer 23

In sunderland
employs 7000 people

Question 24

How much energy does the nissan factory obtain from wind energy?

Answer 24

7%

Question 25

How are cars designed now?

Answer 25

using materials that can be readily recycled which reduces the amount of waste going to landfill electric cars like the nissan leaf and hybrids more fuel efficient and tighter restrictions on gas emissions

Question 26

Why is car manufacturing valuable to the UK economy?

Answer 26

contributes over £77 billion to the UK economy employs over 800000 people in the UK alone relies on other secondary industries meaning they employ more people indirectly

Question 27

Why did nissan locate in sunderland?

Answer 27

sunderland suffered from deindustrialisation meaning government policies attracted foreign companies to the area also close to major cities and trade routes

Question 28

What are three environmental impacts of car manufacturing?

Answer 28

- air pollution - components that cant be recycled are sent to landfill - manufacturing and transporting cars uses a lot of energy which is usually made by burning fossil fuels

Question 29

What is the north/south divide?

Answer 29

deindustrialisation in the north and new businesses in the service sector setting up in the south of England has created a wealth divide between the rich south and the poor north

Question 30

What is the impact of the north/south divide on the north?

Answer 30

they experience lower incomes, higher unemployment and a lower standard of living

Question 31

What are the two exceptions from the north/south divide?

Answer 31

London has a booming economy but one of the highest unemployment rates in the south Scotland has a lower unemployment rate than other regions in the north due to the wealth from north sea oil and to Scotland having its own government there are also individual cities that are exceptions

Question 32

Give three strategies to reduce the north/south divide Why do they help?

Answer 32

- planned transport improvements such as the HS2 and port developments reduces journey times between london and northern cities which takes pressure of the existing road and railway network and allow the economy of the north to develop - enterprise zones that encourage new businesses to set up in deprived areas - government incentive packages to locate manufacturing plants in the north, such as nissan in sunderland generates jobs in the area reducing unemployment and putting money into the regional economy. this allows the economy of the north to develop and compete with that of the south

Question 33

What is a workless household?

Answer 33

a household where everyone is unemployed

Question 34

What are assisted areas?

Answer 34

areas of the UK that are less economically advantaged are given financial assistance to support new businesses setting up in these areas

Question 35

Why is the population declining in remote areas?

Answer 35

younger people move to find work elsewhere and property prices can be high as the demand for second homes are pushing local people out of the property market

Question 36

Why is the population growing in places close to urban areas?

Answer 36

counterurbanisation - people move out of urban areas in search of a better quality of life, they move to areas close by so they can commute to jobs in urban areas

Question 37

What is an example of population decline in rural areas?

Answer 37

the outer hebrides which are located in the north west of scotland

Question 38

What is an example of population growth in rural areas?

Answer 38

south cambridgeshire which is located in the south east of england

Question 39

What is the population of south cambridgeshire and why is it increasing?

Answer 39

population of around 150000 and is increasing due to migration to the area - mostly from the city of cambridge but some are starting to arrive from eastern europe

Question 40

Give three other reasons for population growth in south cambridgeshire

Answer 40

- increase in the number of commuters because of improvements in transport - flexible working - online work environment - near to main roads and cambridge/london

Question 41

What is a benefit of population growth in south cambridgeshire?

Answer 41

more local facilities will benefit like shops pubs and primary schools more jobs will be created in construction and building new houses

Question 42

What is a challenge of population growth in south cambridgeshire?

Answer 42

a lot of people will commute to work meaning local facilities wont be used as much in the day time having. negative affect on the local rural economy

Question 43

What is the population of the outer hebrides and how much has it declined since 1901?

Answer 43

population of 27400 and has declined by 50% since 1901

Question 44

Give two strategies that would encourage people to stay or move to the outer hebrides

Answer 44

greenspace center which specialises in renewable energy research tourism - the islands have stunning scenery and rare wildlife, and events like the annual hebridean celtic music festival