UK LANDSCAPES

Question 1

Describe the rock cycle

Answer 1

1. weathering and erosion (breaking down of sediment)
2. transport (movement of sediments)
3. sedimentation (particles laid down in layers)
4. compaction and cementation( rock particles stick together–> SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ARE FORMED HERE)
5. high temperature and pressures (rocks are exposed to extreme heat
   –>METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE FORMED HERE)
6. slow uplift ot surface

Question 2

3 rock types

Answer 2

sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous

Question 3

2 types of sedimentary rocks and their charcteristics

Answer 3

sandstone/ chalk

• round grains pushed tgt
  -contains fossils
  -distinct layers

Question 4

2 types of metamorphic rocks and their charcteristics

Answer 4

• marble/ slate

crystals
in distinct layers

Question 5

2 types of igneous rocks and their charcteristics

Answer 5

basalt/ granite

• crystals
  -randomly arranged

Question 6

why are igneous rocks more commonly found in highland areas

Answer 6

they are resistant to physical proccesses

Question 7

name and explain two physical proccesses that shape the landscape

Answer 7

1. weathering

• mechanical weathering (freeze thaw)
  water enters cracks of rocks, freezes at night, expands by 9%, widens crack, ice melts, water seeps deeper into rock, process repeats
• biological weathering (animals dig inot the cracks of rocks, widening the crack)

-chemical weathering (MINERALS ENTERING ROCK TRIGGERS CHEMICAL REACTIONS, CAUSING ROCKS TO SOFTEN AND CRUMBLE)

2. mass movements
   when shrear stress exceeds shear strngth, materials move down the slope under the influence of gravity

Question 8

two ways human activities shape the landscape

Answer 8

1. agrilculture
   clearing deciduos woodlands for arable farmland reshapes the landscape
2. timber production
   replacing decidous woodlands with conifer plantations also reshapes the landscape