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Ultrasound Flashcards

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1
Q

Size of adrenals where Addison’s is suspicious?

A

0.3cm

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2
Q

From dorsal to ventral, the level of VC, aorta, bile duct and portal vein?

A

Aorta, CVC, Portal vein, bile duct

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3
Q

Gallbladder volume is calculated by?

A

Length x width x height x 0.52

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4
Q

Gall bladder edema is caused by?

A

Toxin

cholecystitis

analphylaxis

hypoalbumen (all causes)

transfusions

hypertension

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5
Q

Normal gallbladder wall thickness in a dog? Cat?

A

Dog: 1-3mm

Cat: 1mm or less

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6
Q

Normal bile duct diameter in dog? Cat?

A

Dog - >3mm

Cat - 4mm

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7
Q

Unilateral adrenal mass is concerning for neoplasm when it is what size?

A

>2cm

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8
Q

What is the most reliable sign of neoplasia in the adrenal glands?

A

Invasion of surrounding tissues (kidney, muscular, CVC, vertebral bodies)

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9
Q

Differentials for unilateral nodule in the adrenal gland?

A

Neoplasia, hyperplasia, adenoma (function and non)

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10
Q

DDx for hyperechoic foci in the parenchyma of the kidney?

A

Infarct

Neoplasia

Hemorrhage

Granuloma

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11
Q

Ddx for medullary rim sign?

A

Normal variant

FIP

Neoplasia

Nephrocalcinosis

Ethylene glycol

Hypercalcemia nephropathy

Lepto

PSS

Acute tubular necrosis

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12
Q

Where do splenic infarcts usually occur?

A

Tail of the spleen

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13
Q

Portal hypertension is concerning when portal vein velocity is what?

A

<10cm/s

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14
Q

Types of Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Massive

Diffuse

Nodular

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15
Q

Focal, circumferential thickening of gastric wall with loss of layering ddx?

A

Ulcer

Inflammatory

Neoplasia

Infectious

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16
Q

Most gastric tumors affect what area of the stomach?

A

Distal 2/3

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17
Q

Gastric tumors?

A

Adenocarcinomas

leimyosarcoma

Lymphoma

Polyps

Stromal tumor

Mast cell

Fibrosarcoma

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18
Q

Corrugated small intestines Ddx

A

Periontitis

Infarct

Pancreatitis

Enteritis

PLE, Lymphangiectasia

Linear body

Entrapment

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19
Q

Psoas major originates from?

Inserts

A

origin L3 (why L3/L4 hard to see on rads)

insertion: Lesser trochanter

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20
Q

Lesser trochanter is on what side of the femur?

21
Q

Normal contraction rate of a dog is?

Study These Flashcards
A

4-5 contractions/min

22
Q

Intramural uterine mucus is seen as what echogenicity?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hyperechoic - line

23
Q

Scant amount of hypoechoic/anechoic fluid in uterus is normal when?

Study These Flashcards
A

Proestrus, estrus and after mating

24
Q

When can heartbeat be seen on US for pregnancies?

25
What has been used to predict age of fetus?
Chorionic vesicle diameter Inner chorionic cavity Crown rump length head diameter (biparietal diameter) Body diameter measurements
26
From conception when does the first mineralized structures occur in dogs and cats?
Cats: 38 days Dogs: 43 days First bones: Spine, skull and ribs
27
Brucella can cause enlarged?
Prostate
28
Medullary rim sign can be caused by?
Nothing FIP Tubular necrosis Vasculitis Ethelyn Glycol
29
Endocrinopathies can cause the pancreas to look like what?
Hypoechoic and big
30
What is the look of adrenal glands with trilostane?
Hypoechoic and large
31
DDx for swiss cheese?
EMH Rickettsial disease Histoplasmosis Neoplasia (lymphoma, histiocytic sarcoma)
32
Thickened spleen for cat? Measurement?
~1cm
33
Heterobilharzia looks like what?
Granulomatosis disease in the pancreas, liver and intestines.
34
What signs should you look for in PSS?
Abnormal vessel Ammonium urate stones Big kidneys Small liver Cryptorchidism (50% in male does with PSS) Portal/Aorta ratio Azygous vein Different size of portal vein and cava
35
Male dogs with PSS have cryptorchidism in what percentage of cases?
50%
36
Bile acids in PSS will be how many times higher than normal?
10-20x Normal post is 10-25 so 100-500 is suspicious.
37
Portal vein hypoplasia is mostly confined to the intrahepatic vascultature. T/F
True
38
Portal hypertension can occur with?
Cirrhosis Non-cirrotic liver disease Clots Tumors portal vein hypoplasia NOT microvascular dysplasia
39
Size of suprascapular insertion is normal for a dog?
Small size dog (border collie) (0.4-0.5 cm2) Medium size dog (labrador type) (\<0.6cm2) Giant size dog (0.7 - 0.8cm2)
40
How to look for turbulence in the caudal vena cava when on a shunt hunt?
1. Turn on doppler 2. Crank the range to 25cm/s so you limit aliasing 3. Start looking for turbulence
41
Portal vein to Aorta ratio likely represents PSS when it is?
~1/2 Should be 1:1 in normal dog
42
Things to look for in a shunt hunt?
1. Abdnormal vessel 2. Look at aorta for an extra vessel - AZYGOUS 3. Cava turbulence 4. Cava size 5. Liver size 6. Kidney size 7. Bladder stones 8. Portal vein size -----Portal vein:Aorta ratio 9. Lastly follow splenic vein and look.
43
Acquired shunts live?
Caudal to the kidneys - majority
44
The liver of a cat is what echogenicity to the faliform fat?
Isoechoic
45
Cat adrenals are located where compared to the dog?
Cranial - right next the entrance of the aorta to the liver
46
What is this in a cat?
Fibrosis caused by chronic inflammation THE SONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF INTESTINAL MUCOSAL FIBROSIS IN CATS DOMINIQUE G. PENNINCK CYNTHIA R. L. WEBSTER JOHN H. KEATING
47
Thrombus (spleen, cava, PV) what should you test for?
Cushing's IMHA PLN PLE Tick bourne diseases Inflammatory disease (ITP, Panc) Neoplastic disease
48
What is this in the spleen?
Hemosiderosis Think - Cushings, diabetes,
49
What diseases or medication administration that can cause increased risk of gallbladder mucocele?
Dyslipidemia Cushings Hypothyroid Steroids leading to GB dysmotility and stasis

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